Serum Vitamin D and Magnesium Levels in Children With and Without Migraine

Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders in children, characterized by recurrent headaches often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Although the exact mechanisms underlying migraine remain unclear, research suggests that neurovascular dysfunction, inflammation, and imbalances in neurotransmitters contribute to its development. Various treatment options exist, including pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, and preventive therapies. However, no single treatment has consistently proven effective for all patients, underscoring the need for further investigation into potential biomarkers and alternative therapeutic approaches.

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient with multiple functions, including bone health, immune system regulation, and inflammation control. Deficiency of this vitamin is highly prevalent, particularly among children, and has been linked to various neurological conditions, including migraine. Research has also found that children suffering from migraines tend to have lower serum vitamin D levels compared to healthy individuals Furthermore, studies in adult migraine patients have shown that vitamin D supplementation may help reduce the severity and frequency of migraine attacks. However, there is limited research on the impact of vitamin D levels and supplementation in pediatric migraine, warranting further exploration.

Magnesium is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in neurological function and vascular health. Research suggests that magnesium deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of migraines, as it is involved in neurotransmitter regulation and blood vessel stability. Some studies have demonstrated that magnesium supplementation can help reduce migraine frequency and severity, particularly when combined with other treatment approaches.

CGRP is a neuropeptide that has been recognized as a key player in migraine pathophysiology, particularly in pain signaling and vasodilation. Studies have shown that both adult and pediatric migraine patients tend to have elevated CGRP levels, making it a potential biomarker for migraine diagnosis and treatment. Recently many CGRP-targeted therapies have been introduced for migraine management.