Understanding Perceptions of and Reactions to Ultra-processed Food Label Designs
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 14,720
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Intention to purchase
研究概览
简要总结
The primary objective of this study is to explore perceptions and understanding of different menu label designs related to ultra-processed foods (UPF). Participants will be randomized to view a fast-food online menu excerpt featuring one of sixteen labeling conditions and then will answer questions about the participant's reactions to and interpretations of the label, perceived label effectiveness, the intention to purchase a menu item with the label, as well as the participant's perceptions of fast-food menu items with and without the label.
详细描述
This survey will explore the perceptions and understanding of different hypothetical UPF menu label designs. The survey research firm CloudResearch will recruit a sample of ~12,400 adults aged 18 years and older who reside in the United States.
This exploratory study will use a factorial experiment to assess different UPF label designs. Participants will be randomized to view a fast-food menu excerpt with one of sixteen labeling schemes, varying by message ("Ultra-Processed" vs. "Contains Food Additives" vs. "Warning: Ultra-Processed" vs. "Warning: UPF"), background and text color (red background with white text vs. yellow background with black text), and type (icon-plus-text vs. text-only). All menus will consist of a selection of food and beverage items, and select items will have the UPF label.
Participants will be shown the menu and the label in isolation and will then be asked about the participant's interpretations of the label, reactions to the label, perceived message effectiveness (PME) of the label, how helpful the participant finds the label to be, and the participant's intention to purchase a menu item with the label. The participants will also be shown two different individual fast-food items with the label to which the participant was randomized in random order and asked about the perceived appeal and healthfulness of the menu items.
The primary outcome will be intention to purchase a hypothetical menu item with the label. Secondary outcomes include label interpretation, perceived label understandability, perceived label believability, perception that the label grabbed attention, perceived message effectiveness (PME) of the label, perceived helpfulness of the label. Other outcomes include perceived level of appeal of menu items, and perceived level of healthfulness of menu items.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •- 18 years of age or older
- •Member of the CloudResearch panel
- •Residing in the United States
排除标准
- •<18 years of age
- •Not residing in the United States
- •Completed the survey implausibly quickly based on the distribution of the time to complete the survey among all participants
- •Failed the built-in Qualtrics survey fraud detection measures
- •Failed attention check question included in the survey
研究组 & 干预措施
Ultra-Processed, Red, Icon-plus-text Labels
A red icon-plus-text label that reads "ULTRA-PROCESSED" in white text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items. Labels will include a triangle icon with an exclamation point directly preceding the label text.
干预措施: Ultra-Processed, Red, Icon-plus-text Labels (Behavioral)
Contains Food Additives, Red, Text-only Labels
A red text-only label that reads "CONTAINS FOOD ADDITIVES" in white text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items.
干预措施: Contains Food Additives, Red, Text-only Labels (Behavioral)
Contains Food Additives, Red, Icon-plus-text Labels
A red icon-plus-text label that reads "CONTAINS FOOD ADDITIVES" in white text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items. Labels will include a triangle icon with an exclamation point directly preceding the label text.
干预措施: Contains Food Additives, Red, Icon-plus-text Labels (Behavioral)
Warning Ultra-Processed, Red, Icon-plus-text Labels
A red icon-plus-text label that reads "WARNING: ULTRA-PROCESSED" in white text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items. Labels will include a triangle icon with an exclamation point directly preceding the label text.
干预措施: Warning Ultra-Processed, Red, Icon-plus-text Labels (Behavioral)
Warning UPF, Red, Icon-plus-text Labels
A red icon-plus-text label that reads "WARNING: UPF" in white text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items. Labels will include a triangle icon with an exclamation point directly preceding the label text.
干预措施: Warning UPF, Red, Icon-plus-text Labels (Behavioral)
Ultra-Processed, Yellow, Icon-plus-text Labels
A yellow icon-plus-text label that reads "ULTRA-PROCESSED" in black text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items. Labels will include a triangle icon with an exclamation point directly preceding the label text.
干预措施: Ultra-Processed, Yellow, Icon-plus-text Labels (Behavioral)
Contains Food Additives, Yellow, Icon-plus-text Labels
A yellow icon-plus-text label that reads "CONTAINS FOOD ADDITIVES" in black text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items. Labels will include a triangle icon with an exclamation point directly preceding the label text.
干预措施: Contains Food Additives, Yellow, Icon-plus-text Labels (Behavioral)
Warning Ultra-Processed, Yellow, Icon-plus-text Labels
A yellow icon-plus-text label that reads "WARNING: ULTRA-PROCESSED" in black text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items. Labels will include a triangle icon with an exclamation point directly preceding the label text.
干预措施: Warning Ultra-Processed, Yellow, Icon-plus-text Labels (Behavioral)
Warning UPF, Yellow, Icon-plus-text Labels
A yellow icon-plus-text label that reads "WARNING: UPF" in black text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items. Labels will include a triangle icon with an exclamation point directly preceding the label text.
干预措施: Warning UPF, Yellow, Icon-plus-text Labels (Behavioral)
Ultra-Processed, Red, Text-only Labels
A red text-only label that reads "ULTRA-PROCESSED" in white text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items.
干预措施: Ultra-Processed, Red, Text-only Labels (Behavioral)
Warning Ultra-Processed, Red, Text-only Labels
A red text-only label that reads "WARNING: ULTRA-PROCESSED" in white text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items.
干预措施: Warning Ultra-Processed, Red, Text-only Labels (Behavioral)
Warning UPF, Red, Text-only Labels
A red text-only label that reads "WARNING: UPF" in white text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items.
干预措施: Warning UPF, Red, Text-only Labels (Behavioral)
Ultra-Processed, Yellow, Text-only Labels
A yellow text-only label that reads "ULTRA-PROCESSED" in black text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items.
干预措施: Ultra-Processed, Yellow, Text-only Labels (Behavioral)
Contains Food Additives, Yellow, Text-only Labels
A yellow text-only label that reads "CONTAINS FOOD ADDITIVES" in black text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items.
干预措施: Contains Food Additives, Yellow, Text-only Labels (Behavioral)
Warning Ultra-Processed, Yellow, Text-only Labels
A red text-only label that reads "WARNING: ULTRA-PROCESSED" in black text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items.
干预措施: Warning Ultra-Processed, Yellow, Text-only Labels (Behavioral)
Warning UPF, Yellow, Text-only Labels
A yellow text-only label that reads "WARNING: UPF" in black text will be placed beneath ultra-processed menu items.
干预措施: Warning UPF, Yellow, Text-only Labels (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Intention to purchase
时间窗: Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image
Intention to purchase is measured with the survey question: "How likely would you be to purchase a menu item with this label?" Response options are a 5-point Likert scale: 1=Very unlikely, 2=Unlikely, 3=Somewhat unlikely, 4=Neither likely nor unlikely, 5=Somewhat likely, 6=Likely, 7=Very likely. A higher rating is better.
次要结局
- Label interpretation(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label)
- Perceived label understandability(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Perceived label believability(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Perception that label grabbed attention(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Perceived message effectiveness (PME) as assessed by the University of North Carolina (UNC)-PME scale(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Perceived label helpfulness(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Label interpretation(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label)
- Perceived label understandability(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Perceived label believability(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Perception that label grabbed attention(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Perceived message effectiveness (PME) as assessed by the University of North Carolina (UNC)-PME scale(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)
- Perceived label helpfulness(Immediately after viewing the menu excerpt and label image)