Comparative study of hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with dexmedetomidine and esmolol

Endotracheal intubation has become an integral part of the anaesthetic management, critical care of the patient. Endotracheal intubation and laryngoscopy causes a pressor response characterized by elevation in systolic and diastolic pressure within five seconds of laryngoscopy which further increases during insertion of the tube into the trachea.Such transient but marked sympathetic response manifesting as increase in heart rate (HR), blood pressure may be well-tolerated by normal fit American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 1 patients. But such events are detrimental in individuals who have limited myocardial reserve due to coronary artery disease, cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, hypertension, and geriatric population.Tachycardia and hypertension associated with laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation should be prevented to maintain the delicate balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand during induction of general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the bolus injection of dexmedetomidine 0.75mcg/kg given intravenously before 10 min prior to intubation provides consistent protection against pressor response during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation when compared with esmolol group and to attenuate the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.