Evaluation of School-based Nutrition Intervention for Adolescents in Bangladesh

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Menstrual Hygiene Management; Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH); Anemia
• Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFA); Combination Product: WASH; Combination Product: Menstrual Hygiene Management; Behavioral: Nutrition Behavior Change Intervention (BCI); Behavioral: MHM & WASH Behavior Change Intervention (BCI)

• Registration Number: NCT05455073
• Lead Sponsor: Nutrition International

Brief Summary

Addressing the nutrition needs of adolescents could be an important initiative for breaking the vicious cycle of intergenerational malnutrition, chronic diseases and poverty. To respond to these diverse needs of adolescents, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) in 2012, instituted a national policy for adolescent girls' weekly iron and folic acid (WIFA) supplementation in secondary schools to reduce anemia. Efforts are in place to roll out a national WIFA supplementation program for both in-school and out-of-school adolescent girls aged 10-19 years. Responding to the need to demonstrate the feasibility of such a new initiative before it is scaled-up, Nutrition International (NI) with funding support from the Government of Canada committed to providing technical and financial support to demonstrate to the GoB, the feasibility of a school-based delivery of nutrition interventions to improve the nutrition and health status of adolescents in Joypurhat and Sirajganj districts of Bangladesh. The project developed and began roll out of a multi-sectorial holistic and integrated nutrition approach consisting of both a nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive program model for improving the general health and nutrition of adolescents in schools. This was delivered in an integrated package for girls and boys including WIFA supplementation (girls only), promotion of improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), behavior change interventions (BCI) on all topics, and support for menstrual hygiene management (MHM) for girls, including sale of menstrual products in schools. To evaluate the program, the GoB (Institute of Public Health and Nutrition, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (IPHN) and The Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education, Ministry of Education (DSHE) and NI with technical assistance from the CDC Foundation and CDC planned process and outcome evaluations for the first year of the program's implementation.

Detailed Description

The outcome evaluation was a school (cluster)-based, randomized controlled trial with three equal size intervention arms, sampling adolescents, teachers, and student leaders in 75 selected schools. The study investigated the impact of the school-based program implemented in Joypurhat and aimed to examine the effectiveness and factors influencing scalability of using the secondary school platform to deliver WIFA co-packaged with WASH, MHM, and BCI to improve the nutrition and health status of adolescents in Bangladesh. The process evaluation sampled adolescents, teachers, and student leaders from 12 schools selected through convenience sampling for qualitative interviews, and determined whether the school-based program was implemented as intended, and why and how the intervention components worked to produce an impact - specifically, assessing the level of adherence.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2019-07-31
• Primary Completion: 2021-03-22
• Study Completion: 2022-02-28
• Status Verified: 2022-04
• Study First Submitted: 2022-04-06
• Study First Submitted QC: 2022-07-08
• Last Update Submitted: 2022-07-08
• Study First Posted: 2022-07-13
• Last Update Posted: 2022-07-13

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 3018

Inclusion Criteria

• Randomly selected adolescent girl or boy
• Present on the day(s) of the survey
• Verbal assent and parental/guardian written consent
• School level headteacher, assigned teacher or student leader in the various grades

Exclusion Criteria

• Girl or boy enrolled in grades other than grades 8 or 9
• Enrolled after random selection of participants

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Full package intervention arm	WASH	* Dietary Supplement of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid (WIFA) Supplementation (containing 60 mg of elemental iron and 2800 µg of folic acid) and; * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nutrition (including dietary diversity), IFA, deworming * Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention: ensure availability (or provision) of water, sanitation, and hygiene supplies * Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) intervention: support for menstrual hygiene, including sale of menstrual products in schools * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of WASH and menstrual hygiene management (MHM)
Full package intervention arm	Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFA)	* Dietary Supplement of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid (WIFA) Supplementation (containing 60 mg of elemental iron and 2800 µg of folic acid) and; * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nutrition (including dietary diversity), IFA, deworming * Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention: ensure availability (or provision) of water, sanitation, and hygiene supplies * Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) intervention: support for menstrual hygiene, including sale of menstrual products in schools * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of WASH and menstrual hygiene management (MHM)
Full package intervention arm	Menstrual Hygiene Management	* Dietary Supplement of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid (WIFA) Supplementation (containing 60 mg of elemental iron and 2800 µg of folic acid) and; * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nutrition (including dietary diversity), IFA, deworming * Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention: ensure availability (or provision) of water, sanitation, and hygiene supplies * Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) intervention: support for menstrual hygiene, including sale of menstrual products in schools * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of WASH and menstrual hygiene management (MHM)
Full package intervention arm	Nutrition Behavior Change Intervention (BCI)	* Dietary Supplement of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid (WIFA) Supplementation (containing 60 mg of elemental iron and 2800 µg of folic acid) and; * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nutrition (including dietary diversity), IFA, deworming * Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention: ensure availability (or provision) of water, sanitation, and hygiene supplies * Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) intervention: support for menstrual hygiene, including sale of menstrual products in schools * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of WASH and menstrual hygiene management (MHM)
Full package intervention arm	MHM & WASH Behavior Change Intervention (BCI)	* Dietary Supplement of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid (WIFA) Supplementation (containing 60 mg of elemental iron and 2800 µg of folic acid) and; * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nutrition (including dietary diversity), IFA, deworming * Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention: ensure availability (or provision) of water, sanitation, and hygiene supplies * Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) intervention: support for menstrual hygiene, including sale of menstrual products in schools * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of WASH and menstrual hygiene management (MHM)
Limited package intervention arm	Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFA)	* Dietary Supplement of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid (WIFA) Supplementation (containing 60 mg of elemental iron and 2800 µg of folic acid; weekly school provision of WIFA tablets) and; * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nutrition (including dietary diversity), IFA, deworming
Limited package intervention arm	Nutrition Behavior Change Intervention (BCI)	* Dietary Supplement of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid (WIFA) Supplementation (containing 60 mg of elemental iron and 2800 µg of folic acid; weekly school provision of WIFA tablets) and; * Associated behavior change intervention (BCI) to change the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nutrition (including dietary diversity), IFA, deworming

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Hemoglobin concentration and anemia prevalence among adolescent girls	Up to 12 months	Assessment of hemoglobin concentration and anemia prevalence among adolescent girls, using HemoCue® Hb-301 photometer
Iron and folate status, iron deficiency and folate insufficiency among adolescent girls	Up to 12 months	a) Iron status and inflammation was assessed using a sandwich ELISA method, including 2 indicators of iron status (ferritin, sTfR) and 2 indicators of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)); b) Folate status was assessed using a microbiological assay to test for red blood cell (RBC) folate and serum folate
Decrease morbidity among adolescents due to improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviour.	Up to 12 months	Recall of morbidity symptoms over the past 3 days
Decrease barriers to menstrual hygiene management (MHM) for adolescent girls and thereby improve their school attendance	Up to 12 months	In-school subsidized purchase of sanitary pads for menstruating girls

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Nutrition International; 🇨🇦 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada