Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Benefit of Isoflavones

Cognitive Outcomes - Language Executive Function : Category Fluency Assessed as Number of Words Generated/Min

时间窗: 6 months

Participants are given 1 min to produce as many unique words as possible within a category (category fluency). More words per minute will correlates to better category fluency

Cognitive Outcomes - Language Executive Function : Phonemic Fluency/Verbal Fluency Assessed as Number of Words Generated Per Minute

时间窗: 6 months

Participants are given 1 min to produce as many words as possible starting with a given letter (letter fluency). More number of words per minute correlates to better phonemic fluency/verbal fluency

Immediate and Delayed Recall on Verbal Memory/ List Learning Immediate and Delayed Free Recall: Number of Words Recalled

时间窗: 6 months

List of 15 semantically unrelated words is presented verbally to the participants once, after which they are asked to free recall as many words as possible. Subsequently, this presentation-test routine (learning trials) is repeated four more times. A total recall score is determined by adding the number of recalled items for the five learning trials. After presentation of a distractor list and a delay of approximately 20 minutes, participants are asked to freely recall items from the original word list. A delayed recall score is then derived from this test.

Immediate and Delayed Recall on Verbal Memory/ Logical Memory Immediate and Delayed Recall: Number of Story Elements Recalled

时间窗: 6 months

In the logical delayed memory test, participants are read a logically organized story. Approximately 20 minutes later, the participants are asked to recall the story from memory (Delayed Recall). The version used in this study uses only one story (Story A) read once to participants at each study visit. Possible scores for delayed recall trials range from 0 to 25, with higher scores reflecting more details recalled.

Measure of Divided Attention: Time to Complete Trail Making Test B

时间窗: 6 months

Trail Making Test-Version B (TMT B) \[113\], a measure of divided attention, the subject is asked to draw lines to connect consecutively numbered and lettered circles, alternating between the 2 sequences. The time needed to complete the task is recorded. More time taken to complete the test or higher score indicates lower executive function/higher impairment.

A Test of Planning: Time to Complete Mazes

时间窗: 6 months

Time to complete mazes is a test of planning. Subjects are asked to complete a set of 3 mazes. The time taken to complete the maze is inversely proportional to the cognitive function.

Measure of Selective Attention: Time to Complete Stroop Color Word Test

时间窗: 6 months

Selective attention was evaluated with the Stroop Color Word Interference Test. In the interference portion of this test, the subject identifies the color of ink in which words ("red", "green", or "blue") are printed, requiring the subject to inhibit their natural tendency to read the word. A subject's score is the time taken to identify 50 stimulus items. The time taken to complete the maze is inversely proportional to the cognitive function.

Visual Memory Test: Complex Figure Delayed Recall; Number of Points

时间窗: 6 months

Visual memory will be evaluated by complex figure delayed recall test. In this test , a two dimensional figure is shown to the subjects. After a delay of 30 min, they are asked to draw the same figure based on their memory. The Complex Figure Test assesses the subject's ability to remember a 2-dimensional figure presented briefly. The scoring system used includes scores related to location, accuracy and organization. Higher score correlates to better visual memory.

Visual Memory : Benton Visual Retention Test: Number of Correct Figures

时间窗: 6 months

The Benton Visual Retention Test (or simply Benton test or BVRT) is an individually administered test for people aged from 8 years to adulthood that measures visual perception and visual memory. It can also be used to help identify possible learning disabilities among other afflictions that might affect an individual's memory. The individual examined is shown 10 designs, one at a time, and asked to reproduce each one as exactly as possible on plain paper from memory. The test is untimed, and the results are professionally scored by form, shape, pattern, and arrangement on the paper. For the 'test of number of correct figures' score is calculated based on an all-or-nothing approach; points are awarded if the reproduction of the design matches the original.

Cognitive Outcomes - Visual Memory : Benton Visual Retention; Number of Errors

时间窗: 6 months

The Benton Visual Retention Test is an individually administered test for people aged from 8 years to adulthood that measures visual perception and visual memory. It can also be used to help identify possible learning disabilities among other afflictions that might affect an individual's memory. The individual examined is shown 10 designs, one at a time, and asked to reproduce each one as exactly as possible on plain paper from memory. The test is untimed, and the results are professionally scored by form, shape, pattern, and arrangement on the paper. For the 'test of number of errors' score is calculated based on the number and type of errors made for each design. The major categories for these errors are omissions, distortions, perseverations, rotations, misplacements, and size errors.These scores are then be compared to several sets of normative data available in the manual, each representing different demographic characteristics, and conclusions can be drawn by the examiner.