Low-Dose Glucagon and Automated Insulin Delivery for Prevention of Spontaneous Exercise-Induced Hypoglycemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Status
- Recruiting
- Enrollment
- 18
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Change in plasma glucose (PG) from exercise initiation to the nadir during exercise and throughout the 2-hour post-exercise period between visit GCN and CHO
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The objective of the study is to evaluate whether pre-exercise administration of low-dose subcutaneous glucagon prevents or attenuates exercise-induced declines in plasma glucose concentration during and after moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) performed approximately 90 minutes after a meal in adults with type 1 diabetes using an automated insulin delivery (AID) system.
The primary endpoint is the difference in the change in plasma glucose (PG) from exercise initiation to the nadir during exercise and through the 2-hour post-exercise period between the glucagon (GCN) and carbohydrate (CHO) visits.
Detailed Description
This is a randomized, non-blinded, two-period crossover study including 18 adults with type 1 diabetes using an EU-approved automated insulin delivery (AID) system. Each participant will attend one screening visit followed by two experimental visits performed in random order, separated by at least seven days.
Eligible participants are adults (≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes for at least 2 years, using an automated insulin delivery system for ≥3 months, treated with NovoRapid or Fiasp for at least 1 week prior to enrollment, and proficient in carbohydrate counting.
At each experimental visit, participants will perform a standardized bout of MICE approximately 90 minutes after a meal. On one visit, a low-dose glucagon injection will be administered immediately before exercise; on the other, 20 g oral glucose tablets will be consumed. Right before exercise, the AID system's higher glucose target/exercise mode will be activated and will remain active until 15 minutes after exercise.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Age ≥ 18 years
- •Type 1 diabetes ≥ 2 years
- •Using an automated insulin delivery system for ≥ 3 months
- •NovoRapid or Fiasp use ≥1 week
- •Proficiency in carbohydrate counting
Exclusion Criteria
- •Allergies to lactose or glucagon
- •Known or suspected allergies to glucagon or related products
- •History of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to glucagon or lactose
- •Patients with diagnosed pheochromocytoma, insulinoma or gastroparesis
- •Concomitant medical or psychological conditions identified through review of medical history, physical examination and clinical laboratory analysis that, according to the investigator's assessment, makes the individual unsuitable for study participation
- •Lack of compliance with key study procedures at the discretion of the investigator
- •Females of childbearing potential who are pregnant, breast-feeding or intend to become pregnant or are not using adequate contraceptive methods (methods are considered adequate for study enrolment for females: an intrauterine device, hormonal contraception (birth control pills, implant, patch, vaginal ring or injection), a single partner who is sterile or infertile, or sexual abstinence. Contraception is required throughout the study duration. Sterilized or postmenopausal women (>12 months since last period) are not required to use contraception)
- •Inability to understand the individual information and to give informed consent
Arms & Interventions
Visit CHO
Plasma and sensor glucose are monitored before, during, and after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise shortly after consumption of a meal. Before exercise initiation, participants will be given a dose of glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.
Intervention: Glucose Arm (Dietary Supplement)
Visit GCN
Plasma and sensor glucose are monitored before, during, and after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise shortly after consumption of a meal. Before exercise initiation, participants will be given low-dose glucagon to prevent hypoglycemia.
Intervention: Low-Dose Glucagon (Drug)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change in plasma glucose (PG) from exercise initiation to the nadir during exercise and throughout the 2-hour post-exercise period between visit GCN and CHO
Time Frame: From exercise initiation until two hours following exercise
Secondary Outcomes
- Incidence of hypoglycemia (PG <3.9 mmol/L) between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 min)
- Time to hypoglycemia (PG <3.9 mmol/L) between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 min)
- Percent time below range (PG <3.9 mmol/L) between visit GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- Percent time above range (PG >10.0 mmol/L) between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 min)
- Incidence of hyperglycemia (PG >10.0 mmol/L) between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- Nadir PG concentration between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- Peak PG concentration between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- Incremental peak PG concentration between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- Mean PG concentration between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- PG area under the curve (AUC) between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- Standard deviation of PG between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- Coefficient of variation of PG between visits GCN and CHO(0-180 mins)
- Percent PG time in range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) between visits GCN and CHO(From exercise onset to +120 min)