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International Safety and Efficacy Study of Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) in Cystic Fibrosis Patients With P. Aeruginosa

Phase 3
Completed
Conditions
Cystic Fibrosis
Interventions
Drug: Placebo three times a day (TID)
Drug: AZLI 75 mg three times a day (TID)
Registration Number
NCT00112359
Lead Sponsor
Gilead Sciences
Brief Summary

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 28-day course of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and lung infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).

Detailed Description

CF patients often have lung infections that occur repeatedly or worsen over time. The lung infections are often caused by a bacteria called Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Treatment with antibiotics can stop or slow down the growth of the bacteria. The antibiotics may be given by mouth, intravenously (IV), or by inhalation as a mist. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam and administered TID using the PARI eFlow® electronic nebulizer, in CF patients with PA.

In this study, participant eligibility was assessed at a screening visit 7 to 14 days prior to the baseline visit (Day 0). Those participants who continued to meet eligibility criteria at Day 0 were randomized and began a 28-day course of blinded study treatment (AZLI TID or placebo TID). Participants returned for clinic visits at Day 14, an end of treatment visit at Day 28, and a follow-up visit 14 days after the last dose of study drug (Day 42).

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
166
Inclusion Criteria
  • Documentation of CF diagnosis as evidenced by one or more clinical features consistent with the CF phenotype and one or more of the following criteria:

    • Sweat chloride greater than or equal to 60 mEq/L by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test (QPIT);
    • Two well-characterized mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene; or
    • Abnormal nasal potential difference.
  • PA present in expectorated sputum or throat swab culture at Screening.

  • FEV1 between (and including) 25% and 75% predicted at Screening.

  • Negative pregnancy test at Screening.

  • Ability to perform reproducible pulmonary function tests.

  • Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) greater than or equal to 90% on room air at Screening.

  • Ability to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria
  • Administration of antipseudomonal antibiotics by inhalation, IV, or oral routes (including azithromycin) within 14 days of Screening.
  • Current use of oral corticosteroids in doses exceeding the equivalent of 10 mg prednisone/day or 20 mg prednisone every other day.
  • History of sputum or throat swab culture yielding Burkholderia cepacia in the previous 2 years.
  • History of daily continuous oxygen supplementation or requirement for more than 2 liters/minute at night.
  • Administration of any investigational drug or use of any investigational device within 28 days of Screening and within 6 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever was longer).
  • Known local or systemic hypersensitivity to monobactam antibiotics.
  • Inability to tolerate short-acting bronchodilator use at least three times daily.
  • Changes in protocol-permitted antimicrobial, bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, or corticosteroid medications within 7 days prior to Screening or between Screening and the next visit.
  • Changes in physiotherapy technique or schedule within 7 days prior to Screening or between Screening and the next visit.
  • History of lung transplantation.
  • A chest x-ray indicating abnormal findings at Screening or within the previous 90 days.
  • Abnormal renal or hepatic function at Screening.
  • Any serious or active medical or psychiatric illness which, in the opinion of the investigator, would have interfered with participant treatment, assessment, or compliance with the protocol.
  • Use of aerosolized hypertonic saline (except for sputum induction) during the 14 days preceding Visit 1.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Placebo three times a day (TID)Placebo three times a day (TID)-
AZLI 75 mg three times a day (TID)AZLI 75 mg three times a day (TID)-
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in CFQ-R Respiratory Symptoms Scale (RSS) ScoreDay 0 to Day 28

The CFQ-R was administered at baseline and every visit thereafter. The endpoint was change in respiratory symptoms from baseline, assessed with the CFQ-R respiratory symptoms scale (RSS; range of scores: 0-100; higher scores indicate fewer symptoms).

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in CFQ-R RSS ScoreDay 0 to Day 42

The CFQ-R was administered at baseline and every visit thereafter. The endpoint was change in respiratory symptoms from baseline, assessed with the CFQ-R RSS (range of scores: 0-100; higher scores indicate fewer symptoms).

Percent Change in FEV1 (L)Day 0 to Day 28

Spirometry was performed according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines at each visit. The percent change from baseline in forced expiratory volume (liters) in one second (FEV1) was determined at Day 28.

Change From Baseline in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA) Log10 Colony Forming Units (CFU) Per Gram of SputumDay 0 to Day 28

Sputum samples were collected at all participant visits of the study for analysis of microbiology endpoints. Sputum samples were processed for qualitative and quantitative culture of PA (each morphotype). Due to the skewness of the distribution of CFU data, the data were transformed using the base 10 logarithm, in an attempt to normalize the data and allow for parametric tests, before calculating changes. To account for zero values, 1 was added to each CFU measurement before being transformed. Any CFU data values where PA was not isolated from a valid culture were set to zero.

Number of Participants Receiving Intravenous (IV) or Inhaled Antipseudomonal Antibiotics Other Than Trial DrugDay 0 to Day 42

Use of IV and inhaled antipseudomonal antibiotics was compiled from data recorded on the Concomitant Medications eCRF.

Number of Participants Hospitalized at Least Once Between Day 0 and Day 42Day 0 to Day 42

Details of all hospitalizations, including the dates of admission and discharge, were recorded on the SAE eCRF.

Trial Locations

Locations (53)

Children's Memorial Hospital / Northwestern University

🇺🇸

Chicago, Illinois, United States

University of Missouri

🇺🇸

Columbia, Missouri, United States

University of Pennsylvania Health System

🇺🇸

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

University of Washington Medical Center

🇺🇸

Seattle, Washington, United States

Children's Hospital of Orange County

🇺🇸

Orange, California, United States

Via Christi - St. Francis Regional Medical Center

🇺🇸

Wichita, Kansas, United States

Princess Margaret Hospital for Children

🇦🇺

Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital

🇦🇺

Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia

Central Maine Pulmonary Associates

🇺🇸

Auburn, Maine, United States

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

🇺🇸

Shreveport, Louisiana, United States

University of Mississippi Medical Center

🇺🇸

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Capital Health and the Governors of the University of Alberta

🇨🇦

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Albany Medical College

🇺🇸

Albany, New York, United States

Pediatric Breathing Disorders Clinic

🇺🇸

Anchorage, Alaska, United States

Yale New Haven Hospital

🇺🇸

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

St. Barnabas Healthcare System

🇺🇸

Livingston, New Jersey, United States

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

🇺🇸

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CHUM)

🇨🇦

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

University of North Carolina

🇺🇸

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

St. Paul's Hospital

🇨🇦

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Pediatric Pulmonary Associates, South Carolina

🇺🇸

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Phoenix Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Children's Lung Specialists

🇺🇸

Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

University of Utah

🇺🇸

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Miller Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Long Beach, California, United States

Children's Hospital, Los Angeles

🇺🇸

Los Angeles, California, United States

Capital Allergy and Respiratory Disease Center

🇺🇸

Sacramento, California, United States

Medical College of Georgia

🇺🇸

Augusta, Georgia, United States

University of Florida Health Sciences Center

🇺🇸

Gainesville, Florida, United States

Riley Hospital for Children

🇺🇸

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Nemours Children's Clinic, Orlando

🇺🇸

Orlando, Florida, United States

St. Louis University

🇺🇸

St. Louis, Missouri, United States

Royal Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Herston, Queensland, Australia

SUNY Upstate Medical University

🇺🇸

Syracuse, New York, United States

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

🇺🇸

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Long Island Jewish Medical Center

🇺🇸

New Hyde Park, New York, United States

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

🇺🇸

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Brian Lyttle Professional Corporation

🇨🇦

London, Ontario, Canada

Auckland District Health Board

🇳🇿

Auckland, New Zealand

Baylor Martha Foster Lung Care Center

🇺🇸

Dallas, Texas, United States

Naval Medical Center

🇺🇸

Portsmouth, Virginia, United States

Alamo Clinical Research Associates

🇺🇸

San Antonio, Texas, United States

Pediatric Pulmonary Center/Virginia Commonwealth University

🇺🇸

Richmond, Virginia, United States

University of Iowa

🇺🇸

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

University of Alabama at Birmingham

🇺🇸

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

University of Michigan

🇺🇸

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

University of Wisconsin

🇺🇸

Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Children's Hospital at Westmead

🇦🇺

Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

Royal Adelaide Hospital

🇦🇺

Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Alfred Hospital

🇦🇺

Prahran, Victoria, Australia

Westmead Hospital

🇦🇺

Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

Tulane University Health Sciences Center

🇺🇸

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre

🇨🇦

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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