Aging Back Clinics

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Chronic Low Back Pain

Interventions: Other: Aging Back Clinics management

Registration Number: NCT03564600

Lead Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to compare two different ways to treat chronic low back pain. The two types of treatment that the investigators will compare are called Usual Care and ABC Care. Usual Care tends to focus on the spine. ABC Care focuses on the entire body and the mind. With Usual Care, participants will work with their own doctor to come up with a treatment plan. With ABC Care, participants will work with the investigators' ABC providers and their team. The investigators believe ABC Care will help reduce pain, lower costs, and increase participants' ability to do the things they enjoy doing better than Usual Care. In ABC Care the investigators hope to avoid treatments like surgeries where participants get metal rods put in their back.

This research is being done at three Veterans Hospitals: the Veterans Administration of Pittsburgh Healthcare System (VAPHS) in Pittsburgh, PA; the North Texas VA Medical Center in Dallas, TX; and the Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center in Richmond, VA. This research study is being paid for by the Rehabilitation Research and Development section of the Veterans Health Administration.

The investigators will be enrolling about 450 participants at 3 sites or around 150 at each site.

Detailed Description: Degenerative disease of the lumbar spine is ubiquitous in older adults, but low back pain is not. Treatments that focus exclusively on degenerative spine disease, such as spinal injection and surgery, have resulted in rising costs and exposure to potentially life-threatening morbidity but outcomes have not improved. The investigators posit that to improve treatment outcomes for older adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP - back pain that has been present on at least half the days for at least 6 months), the condition should be approached as a syndrome, that is, a final common pathway for the expression of many contributors, in the same way that geriatricians approach the evaluation and treatment of delirium and falls. Using this model, the lumbar spine is considered a weak link, but is rarely the sole treatment target. Conditions that commonly contribute to pain and disability in older adults with CLBP include hip osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, anxiety, maladaptive coping, and myofascial pain, each of which is associated with specific evidence-based treatments. Because such conditions are not routinely evaluated in patients with CLBP, it is perhaps not surprising that first line treatments that do not specifically target multiple contributors (e.g. spine-focused physical therapy and analgesics) often provide suboptimal treatment outcomes. This often results in continued treatment-seeking including potentially toxic medications and invasive, expensive, and potentially life-threatening procedures such as complex spinal fusion.

The central question that the proposed randomized trial is designed to answer is: What is the efficacy of caring for older adults with CLBP in Aging Back Clinics (ABC), where the patient is first treated as an older adult, and second as a patient with CLBP, compared with usual care (UC)? The investigators have developed evidence and expert-opinion based guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of 12 key contributors to pain and disability in older adults with CLBP. The investigators' prior work also supports the commonplace nature of multiple contributors to CLBP in older Veterans and the feasibility of delivering patient-centered comprehensive care that follows the investigators' published guidelines. The investigators now wish to implement these guidelines in the investigators' ABC clinics and compare this approach to that of UC in older Veterans. Proof of the hypotheses could significantly impact patient care by reducing pain and disability and identifying key conditions whose treatment could prevent the pursuit of invasive treatments and their associated potential morbidity and cost.

About 450 Veterans age 65-89 with CLBP will be recruited from primary care provider practices at 3 VAs - VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Dallas VA, and Richmond VA to meet a target randomization of 330. Individuals will be randomized to receive either ABC care or UC and they will be followed for one year. Those in ABC care will be referred to a generalist (e.g., geriatrician, physiatrist, rheumatologist) that has been identified and trained in a structured assessment to identify the conditions for which evidence and expert opinion-based algorithms have been created. Usual care will not be constrained. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and over the telephone at three later time points: 6 months, 9 months and 12 months. Health Care Utilization will be assessed monthly. Gait speed, a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality in older adults, will be measured at baseline. The proposed clinical trial has the potential not only to improve pain-related disability, but also to reduce morbidity, increase quality of life, and limit healthcare utilization.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 299

Inclusion Criteria

Older Veterans with CLBP, defined as pain in the lower back of at least moderate severity.
- assessed with a verbal rating scale on > half the days for > 6 months
Veterans must be English speaking.
Must be able to commit to 12 months of study participation.
The Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (QMCI) will be administered on site to screen for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
- Those with MCI will not be excluded, but their PCP will be alerted.

Exclusion Criteria

Positive screen for dementia (score <23 on the MMSE)
Pain in other body locations that is more severe than their low back pain
Red flags indicative of serious underlying illness requiring urgent care
- e.g., fever, change in bowel/bladder function, sudden severe change in pain, unintentional weight loss, new lower extremity weakness
Previous lumbar surgery.
Acute illness.
Psychotic symptoms.
Prohibitive communication impairment.
- e.g., severe hearing or visual impairment.
Neither pregnant subjects nor women of childbearing potential will be included due to the age requirements of the study.
Vulnerable subjects will not be enrolled, nor children and prisoners.

Study & Design

Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL

Study Design: Not specified

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
ABC Group	Aging Back Clinics management	Veterans with back pain for at least the past 6 months receive personalized care by providers trained based on a published set of algorithms that guide care for conditions that contribute to disability in older adults with chronic low back pain

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Change	Baseline visit, every three months for up to one year	The ODI assesses interference of pain with function. This questionnaire is used by clinicians and researchers to quantify disability for low back pain. Range 0 to 100 with higher score indicating greater disability.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method

Trial Locations

Locations (3): Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA
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Richmond, Virginia, United States
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles, CA
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West Los Angeles, California, United States
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System University Drive Division, Pittsburgh, PA
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Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States