A Two-center, Randomized, Controlled Trial Investigating a Newly-developed Neuromodulation Auditory System Using Binaural Beats to Optimize Patient Experience During Dysfunctional Dialysis Access Endovascular Procedures

Following an extensive development phase, a two-center RCT will be conducted at two Interventional Radiology Departments of tertiary university hospitals. Patients fulfilling the study's inclusion criteria will be randomized on a 1:1 basis to undergo endovascular procedures for dysfunctional dialysis vascular access-performed under local anaesthesia without sedation-either with the audio system (Group Sound; S) or without it (Group Control; C). The intervention is utilizing an MP3 audio system and headphones delivering binaural beats, isochronic tones, and music designed to induce relaxation by achieving the alpha brainwave state (8-12Hz). Patient experience will be evaluated via standardized self-reported questionnaires. Patient's demographical data and procedural details will be recorded.