The Association Between Exposure to Spironolactone or Amiloride and Fracture Risk Among Subjects Treated With Thiazolidinediones
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 98,483
- 主要终点
- Number of Low Impact Fractures in Males and Females After 6 Months of Exposure to TZD
研究概览
简要总结
Treatment with thiazolidinediones (TZD) has recently been reported to possibly increase the risk of fractures in a randomized trial exploring the efficacy of rosiglitazone (RSG), metformin, or glyburide encompassing 4360 patients with type 2 diabetes.
It is hypothesized that spironolactone, a diuretic that is broadly used for the treatment of fluid retention and edema associated with TZD, has a potential protective effect against bone fractures. However, to our knowledge, this has not been tested in diabetic patients treated with TZD. Amiloride is another diuretic that shares with spironolactone the anti mineralocorticoid ion gated channels activity and will be analysed in this study with regard to possible protective effect against bone fracture in combination with TZD.
This study is a nested case-control study conducted among type 2 diabetes subjects exposed to TZD. The study aims to explore if the risk of fracture is reduced among type 2 diabetic subjects exposed to spironolactone and TZD. The study will compare the odds of any low impact fracture, and hand, foot, upper arm, wrist, and hip fracture incidence in subjects treated with TZD+spironolactone and TZD+amiloride compared to subjects treated with TZD only.
The study population will consist of type 2 diabetes patients aged 18 -65 years old exposed to TZD. To be eligible for the study, a subject must have had at least one International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 code for type 2 diabetes and have at least 6 months or at least 12 months of exposure to TZD (rosiglitazone [RSG], pioglitazone [PIO] or troglitazone) during their follow-up time available in the database.
详细描述
Patients were not recruited for nor enrolled in this study. This study is a retrospective observational study. Data from medical records or insurance claims databases are anonymised and used to develop a patient cohort. All diagnoses and treatment are recorded in the course of routine medical practice.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Retrospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •At least one ICD-9 code for type 2 diabetes
- •At least 6 months or at least 12 months of exposure to TZD (RSG, PIO or troglitazone) during their follow-up time available in the database (The subject's study period begin date will be defined as the earliest date of their first TZD prescription. Subjects included in the study are required to have at least six months of follow-up time in the database prior to their first TZD prescription)
排除标准
- •Subjects with a diagnosis of Paget's disease and osteomalacia
- •A history of fracture, osteoporosis or cancer prior to the first prescription of TZD (study begin date)
研究组 & 干预措施
Type 2 diabetes subjects
Type 2 diabetes subjects
干预措施: TZD only (RSG or PIO or troglitazone) (Drug)
Type 2 diabetes subjects
Type 2 diabetes subjects
干预措施: TZD + spironolactone (Drug)
Type 2 diabetes subjects
Type 2 diabetes subjects
干预措施: TZD + amiloride (Drug)
结局指标
主要结局
Number of Low Impact Fractures in Males and Females After 6 Months of Exposure to TZD
时间窗: From the earliest date of first TZD prescription to the fracture diagnosis date (Cases) or the end of follow-up in the database (Controls) between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2008
ICD-9 codes (805-807.4x, 808-810.xx, 812-829.xx) were captured from Uniform Billing-92 records and Health Care Finance Administration records. Case is defined as incident cases of fracture with an ICD-9 diagnostic code for any low impact fracture occurring after the study period begin date (earliest date of the first TZD prescription). For each subject defined as case, up to four controls were randomly selected from patients with type 2 diabetes exposed to TZD without a fracture diagnosis during follow-up and matched to cases on age (+ 5 years), gender, and year of fracture diagnosis.
Number of Low Impact Fractures in Males and Females After 12 Months of Exposure to TZD
时间窗: From the earliest date of first TZD prescription to the fracture diagnosis date (Cases) or the end of follow-up in the database (Controls) between January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2008
ICD-9 codes (805-807.4x, 808-810.xx, 812-829.xx) were captured from Uniform Billing-92 records and Health Care Finance Administration records. Case is defined as incident cases of fracture with an ICD-9 diagnostic code for any low impact fracture occurring after the study period begin date (earliest date of the first TZD prescription). For each subject defined as case, up to four controls were randomly selected from patients with type 2 diabetes exposed to TZD without a fracture diagnosis during follow-up and matched to cases on age (+ 5 years), gender, and year of fracture diagnosis.
次要结局
- Number of Fractures of the Hand, Foot, Upper Arm, and Wrist in Males and Females After 6 Months of Exposure to TZD(From the earliest date of first TZD prescription to the fracture diagnosis date (Cases) or the end of follow-up in the database (Controls) between January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2008)
- Number of Fractures of the Hand, Foot, Upper Arm, and Wrist in Males and Females After 12 Months of Exposure to TZD(From the earliest date of first TZD prescription to the fracture diagnosis date (Cases) or the end of follow-up in the database (Controls) between January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2008)
- Number of Hip Fractures Combined in Males and Females After 12 Months of Exposure to TZD(From the earliest date of first TZD prescription to the fracture diagnosis date (Cases) or the end of follow-up in the database (Controls) between January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2008)
- Number of Hip Fractures Combined in Males and Females After 6 Months of Exposure to TZD(From the earliest date of first TZD prescription to the fracture diagnosis date (Cases) or the end of follow-up in the database (Controls) between January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2008)