Effect of IV and Oral Esomeprazole in Prevention of Recurrent Bleeding From Peptic Ulcers After Endoscopic Therapy

Phase 3

Completed

Brief Summary: The investigators previously showed that the use of a high-dose intravenous PPI regimen after endoscopic control of bleeding from peptic ulcers reduced rate of recurrent bleeding, decreased the need for endoscopic and surgical interventions and in general improved patients' outcomes. A trend towards reduced mortality associated with the use of high-dose intravenous PPI was also observed. Recent clinical trials from Asia have provided evidence that high-dose oral PPIs are associated with a reduction in rebleeding. Current meta-analysis suggests that both high dose (intravenous) and low dose (oral) PPIs effectively reduce rebleeding vs placebo. However, there has been no clinical study to compare IV infusion to oral PPI in this patient population.

The purpose of this clinical study is to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous and oral Esomeprazole in patients with peptic ulcer hemorrhage who are at risk for recurrent bleeding. The investigators hypothesize that using IV infusion is superior to oral PPI.

Detailed Description: The investigators previously showed that the use of a high-dose intravenous PPI regimen after endoscopic control of bleeding from peptic ulcers reduced rate of recurrent bleeding, decreased the need for endoscopic and surgical interventions and in general improved patients' outcomes. A trend towards reduced mortality associated with the use of high-dose intravenous PPI was also observed. Recent clinical trials from Asia have provided evidence that high-dose oral PPIs are associated with a reduction in rebleeding. Current meta-analysis suggests that both high dose (intravenous) and low dose (oral) PPIs effectively reduce rebleeding vs placebo. However, there has been no clinical study to compare IV infusion to oral PPI in this patient population.

Endoscopic stigmata in bleeding peptic ulcers are prognostic and allow risk stratification. Patients with a clean ulcer base have a \< 5% risk of rebleeding; this increases progressively with a flat spot, adherent clot, non-bleeding visible vessel and active bleeding (55%). Early endoscopy in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers selects the high risk ulcers for therapy and evaluation of adjuvant PPI use.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

No consent
Forrest II c, III (clear ulcer base/flat spot and no active bleeding, i.e., minimal risk for rebleeding)
Unsuccessful endoscopic treatment (i.e., injection and/or thermal coagulation for the initial bleeding) or severe bleeding that immediate surgery is indicated
Moribund patients in whom active treatment of any form is not considered.
Polytrauma, severe injury, unconsciousness, burns, or need for continuous artificial ventilation
Upper GI malignancy or disseminated malignant disease
Esophageal varices
A Mallory-Weiss lesion
Phenytoin or theophylline treatment
Uses of PPI or H2RAs within 3 days of admission, including uses at Emergency Department N.B. Usage of aspirin or NSAID is not an exclusion criteria.

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
oral esomeprazole	Oral esomeprazole	* Esomeprazole placebo IV loading bolus * Esomeprazole placebo intravenous infusion for 72 hours * Oral Esomeprazole: 80 mg/Day on Day 1, 2 and Day 3, and the drug will be given as 40 mg q12h.
Intravenous Esomeprazole	Intravenous Esomeprazole	Esomeprazole IV loading bolus 80mg • Esomeprazole intravenous infusion 8mg/hr for 72 hours

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Rate of clinical rebleeding within 30 day of endoscopic therapy	30 days	Definition of clinical rebleeding 1. Recurrent hematemesis 2. fresh melena after normal stool 3. Hypotension SBP\<90 or tachycardia \>110 AND fresh melena 4. Decrease in Hb \>2g/dL (or Hct \> 10%) during any 24 h or an increas in Hb \<1 g/dL (or Hct \<3%) despite ≥4 units of blood has been transfused during any 48h

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Un-scheduled further endoscopic therapy	30 days	* Un-scheduled further endoscopic therapy * Need for surgery (i.e., operation rate) * Duration of hospitalization * Blood transfusion
Duration of hospitalization	30 days
un-scheduled further endoscopic therapy	30 days
Need for surgery	30 days
Blood transfusion	30 days
mortality	30 days
need of surgery	30 days

Locations (2): Endoscopy Center in Prince of Wales Hospital
🇨🇳
Hong Kong (SAR), China
Endoscopy Centre
🇨🇳
Hong Kong, China