Lactoferrin Alone ,Iron Alone Vs Lactoferrin Plus Iron for Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia During the 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy (Randomized Controlled Trial)

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines anemia in pregnancy as a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of < 11 g/dl. Centers for disease control &prevention determine a cut of -off point 10.5 g/dl during 2nd trimester for diagnosis of IDA.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia in pregnancy. The iron content of the body is normally kept constant by regulating the amount absorbed to balance the amount lost.

The WHO estimates that 46% of pregnant women in African region, 38% in Eastern Mediterranean region, 25% in European region and 24% in the region of the Americas are anemic mainly because of iron deficiency. Anemia is a common medical disorder affecting a lot of women in pregnancy in the developing countries.

Management of anemia remain an important issue in prenatal medicine. Correct diagnosis and treatment lead to effective management of fetal and maternal risk and improved prenatal outcome. Diet alone can't supply the 30-40 mg iron that is required for absorption of 4-6mg iron per day needed during the later stage of pregnancy so iron supplementation is strongly recommended for all females in developing countries.

Traditional therapeutic options of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy were administration of oral iron shows lack of compliance and side effects and often limited intestinal absorption and bioavailability. The most used treatment for ID and IDA currently consists of oral administration of iron as ferrous sulphate. However, ferrous sulphate administration often fails to exert any significant effects on these pregnancy-associated pathologies, and frequently causes several adverse effects.