Bee Venom Phonophoresis on Mild to Moderate Localized Plaque Psoriasis on Knee Joint

Apitherapy is an alternate therapy that relies on the usage of honeybee products, most importantly bee venom for the treatment of many human diseases. The venom can be introduced into the human body by manual injection or by direct bee stings. Bee venom contains several active molecules such as peptides and enzymes that have advantageous potential in treating inflammation and central nervous system diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Moreover, bee venom has shown promising benefits against different types of cancer as well as anti-viral activity, even against the challenging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many studies described biological activities of bee venom components and launched preclinical trials to improve the potential use of apitoxin and its constituents as the next generation of drugs.

Chronic plaque psoriasis is the most common form of psoriasis, accounting for more than 80% of cases. It is a chronic relapsing and remitting condition that presents as symmetrical, well-demarcated, erythematous thickened plaques with overlying silver scales. Appearance can vary depending on skin colour, ranging from pink on lighter skin to brown, purple, or grey on darker skin. It commonly affects the extensor surfaces (elbows and knees), scalp, trunk, and gluteal fold, but may arise on any part of the body. Plaques may coalesce to involve extensive areas of the skin, especially on the trunk and limbs.