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PEPPI Study: Identification of Women at Risk for Placental Dysfunction

Recruiting
Conditions
Pre-Eclampsia
Iron-deficiency
Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy
Cardiovascular Diseases
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Proteinuria in Pregnancy
Interventions
Other: Pre-eclampsia screening program
Registration Number
NCT06115122
Lead Sponsor
Oulu University Hospital
Brief Summary

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate Fetal Medicine Foundation's pre-eclampsia risk calculator using maternal characteristics, first trimester serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a Finnish general population.

Condition or disease: pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, polycystic ovary syndrome

Detailed Description

According to power calculations, altogether 3000 pregnant women will be recruited into PEPPI-study in Oulu area. Women will be recruited during their first visit to maternity care. Women will have blood samples for study purposes at first and third trimester of pregnancy. Participants will be divided into risk-, control- and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) groups according to pre-eclampsia risk calculation program and questionnaire (PCOS: Rotterdam criteria) (N=300/group). Half of the women in risk- and control groups and all women in PCOS group will have a pregnancy ultrasound scan at 30-32 weeks of gestation. Fathers and children will be recruited at the Oulu University Hospital when the child is born.

Studies within PEPPI-study:

PEPPI-offspring: Children born for those 600 women in risk-, control and PCOS groups who have an extra ultrasound at gestational weeks 30-32 during PEPPI-study and children whose mother developed pre-eclampsia during the pregnancy regardless of her study group during PEPPI-study are recruited into PEPPI-offspring study. PEPPI-offspring study investigates the short- and long-term consequences of placental insufficiency/pre-eclampsia on the health of the children.

PEPPI-PCOS: Investigates pregnancy characteristics of women with PCOS. Women with PCOS form PCOS study group, have additional ultrasound scan at gestational weeks 30-32 and their children are recruited into PEPPI-offspring study.

FERPPI: FERPPI study investigates the possible connection between placental insufficiency and iron deficiency with or without anemia in both pregnant women and their children after birth.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
3000
Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Design
Not specified
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Pre-eclampsia risk groupPre-eclampsia screening programApproximately 300 women will be enrolled into a risk group according to a pre-eclampsia risk calculator.
Control groupPre-eclampsia screening programApproximately 300 women in low risk for pre-eclampsia according to a pre-eclampsia risk calculator.
PCOS groupPre-eclampsia screening programWomen enrolled into study who fulfill ≥2 Rotterdam criteria. Women with PCOS may be included in risk- or control groups.
Follow up groupPre-eclampsia screening programApproximately 2100 women who are not enrolled into risk-, control- or PCOS groups.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
CortisolAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Severe or Mild Pregnancy-associated Hypertension With Thrombocytopenia20 weeks through discharge following delivery

Thrombocytopenia defined as a platelet count of \<100 × 109/l. Women who meet more than one component of the primary outcome are counted for each component. Therefore, the number of women for all individual components combined is greater than the number of women with the primary outcome.

The weight of the child during the first year of life.At 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age

Measurement of weight (g, kg)

Luteinizing hormoneAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Testosterone (boys)At 3 and 6-12 months of age
Sebum measurementAt 3 and 6-12 months of age

Measurement is done with Sebumeter ®. The cassette is placed on the skin for a defined length of time and then returned to the aperture. The change in the amount of light transmission represents the sebum content of the tape, which is displayed in units from 0-350.

Birth WeightAt birth

Grams

HepcidinAt 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age
DehydroepiandrosteroneAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Inhibin-BAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Estradioli (girls)At 3 and 6-12 months of age
Parathyroid hormoneAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Heart auscultation with stethoscope.At 3 and 6-12 months of age
Small for Gestational AgeAt birth

A baby whose birth weight is less than the - 2 standard deviations is considered to be small for gestational age (adjusted for sex and race or ethnic group)

Severe Hypertension20 weeks through discharge following delivery

Women who had severe hypertension only and those who had severe hypertension with elevated liver enzyme levels, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine levels, eclamptic seizure, medically indicated preterm birth, fetal-growth restriction, or fetal death after 20 weeks of gestation, or neonatal death.

Severe or Mild Pregnancy-associated Hypertension With Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels20 weeks through discharge following delivery

Elevated liver enzyme levels are specified as an aspartate aminotransferase level of ≥ 100 U/l. Women who met more than one component of the primary outcome are counted for each component. Therefore, the number of women for all individual components combined is greater than the number of women with the primary outcome.

Severe or Mild Pregnancy-associated Hypertension With a Fetus That Was Small for Gestational Age (Below the - 2 SD) Adjusted for Sex and Race or Ethnic Group20 weeks through discharge following delivery

Women who meet more than one component of the primary outcome are counted for each component. Therefore, the number of women for all individual components combined is greater than the number of women with the primary outcome.

Prevalence of high pre-eclampsia risk score in women with PCOS compared to non-PCOS womenat 13 gestational weeks

Pre-eclampsia risk score is calculated with LifeCycle risk calculation program and a risk of 1:100 or higher is considered as high risk for pre-eclampsia.

The height of the child during the first year of life.At 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age

Measurement of height (cm)

Basic blood countAt 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age

B-Hb, B-Leuk, B-Hkr, B-Eryt, E-MCV, E-RDW, E-MCH, E-MCHC, B-Trom

Severe or Mild Pregnancy-associated Hypertension With an Elevated Serum Creatinine Level20 weeks through discharge following delivery

Elevated serum creatinine defined as ≥90 µmol/l. Women who meet more than one component of the primary outcome are counted for each component. Therefore, the number of women for all individual components combined is greater than the number of women with the primary outcome.

Severe or Mild Pregnancy-associated Hypertension With an Eclamptic Seizure20 weeks through discharge following delivery

Women who meet more than one component of the primary outcome are counted for each component. Therefore, the number of women for all individual components combined is greater than the number of women with the primary outcome.

Severe or Mild Pregnancy-associated Hypertension With an Indicated Preterm Birth Before 32-34-37 Weeks of Gestation Owing to Hypertension-related Disorders20 weeks through discharge following delivery

Women who meet more than one component of the primary outcome are counted for each component. Therefore, the number of women for all individual components combined is greater than the number of women with the primary outcome.

Severe or Mild Pregnancy-associated Hypertension With a Fetal Death After 20 Weeks of Gestation or Neonatal Death20 weeks through discharge or prior to discharge following delivery admission

Women who meet more than one component of the primary outcome are counted for each component. Therefore, the number of women for all individual components combined is greater than the number of women with the primary outcome.

FerritinAt 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age
Saturation of transferrinAt 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age
Anti-mullerian hormoneAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Alkaline phosphataseAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Clinical examination of mammary glandsAt 3 and 6-12 months of age

Measurement with millimeters (mm)

Composite of Pregnancy-associated Hypertension and Serious Adverse Outcomes in the Mother or Fetus or Neonate20 weeks through discharge following delivery

Severe hypertension (blood pressure \[BP\]≥ 160/110) or mild hypertension (BP≥140/90) ≥ 20 weeks gestation in conjunction with one of the following: elevated liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine levels, eclamptic seizure, an indicated preterm birth before 32 weeks of gestation owing to hypertension-related disorders, a fetus that was small for gestational age (SGA, below 3rd percentile) adjusted for sex and race or ethnic group, fetal death after 20 weeks of gestation, or neonatal death

11. All the above mentioned outcomes (1-10) in PCOS group compared to non-PCOS group.13 gestational weeks through discharge following delivery

As described above.

The body mass index (BMI) of the child during the first year of life.At 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age

Measurements of height (cm) and weight (kg) combined as BMI (kg/m2)

Hypersensitive-C-reactive proteinAt 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age
CorticotropinAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
ProgesteroneAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Follicle stimulating hormoneAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Vitamin DAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
CalciumAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
PhosphateAt 3 and 6-12 months of age
Clinical examination of genitalsAt 0, 3 and 6-12 months of age

Measurement of perineum with centimeters (cm)

Ultrasound scan of the heart (echo)At 3 and 6-12 months of age
Admission to NICUDelivery through discharge up to 18 weeks

NICU denotes neonatal intensive care unit.

Apgar Score ≤3 at 5 MinutesAt birth
Iron deficiency during third trimester of pregnancyAt 30-32 weeks of gestation

Iron deficiency defined as serum ferritin \< 30 µg/l at gestational weeks 30-32 with or without anemia defined as Hb ≤ 110 g/l.

Large for gestational ageAt birth

A baby whose birth weight is more than the + 2 standard deviations is considered to be small for gestational age (adjusted for sex and race or ethnic group)

Fetal iron deficiencyAt birth

Fetal iron deficiency defined by reticulocyte hemoglobin \< 29 pg from umbilical cord blood collected at birth

Severe iron deficiency during third trimester of pregnancyAt 30-32 weeks of gestation

Iron deficiency defined as serum ferritin \< 15 µg/l at gestational weeks 30-32 with or without anemia defined as Hb ≤ 110 g/l.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Fetal weight estimationAt 30-32 gestational weeks

Measured with ultrasound using fetal BPD, HC, AC and FL measurements (Hadlock)

Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Birth until 4 weeks' of age
Massive postpartum hemorrhage.From delivery to 24 hours after child birth

Massive postpartum hemorrhage defined≥ 1000ml blood loss within 24 hours after child birth.

Premature Rupture of Membranes.From 22nd gestational week until delivery

If the water breaks before the 37th week of pregnancy, it is called preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Placental Abruption.From 22nd gestational week until delivery

Defined as the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before birth.

Cesarean Delivery.At Birth.
Fetal Death.From 22nd gestational week until delivery
Pre-eclampsia (Mild, Severe, HELLP Syndrome, Eclampsia).20 weeks through discharge following delivery.

HELLP denotes hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count.

Fetal Weight Estimation under 3rd percentile at gestational weeks 30-32 ultrasound scan.30-32 weeks.
Gestational Diabetes.From gestation until delivery

Defined as abnormal glucose tolerance test during pregnancy (≥ 5.3 mmol/l (0 h), ≥ 10.0 mmol/l (1 h) and/or ≥ 8.6 mmol/l (2 h). Treatment either with diet or medicine (metformin and/or insulin therapy).

Maternal Death.During pregnancy or within 42 days after delivery
Perineal Lacerations.At Birth.

Defined as first, second, third or fourth degree lacerations during birth.

Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Grade III or IV.Birth until 4 weeks' of age
Neonatal sepsis.Birth until 4 weeks' of age
Medically Indicated Delivery Because of Hypertension.20 weeks through discharge following delivery.
Aspartate Aminotransferase ≥100 U/Liter.20 weeks through discharge.
Postpartum Pulmonary Edema.Within 42 days after delivery
Hematocrit ≤24% With Transfusion.Within 42 days after delivery
Maternal Hospital Stay.Within 42 days after delivery

Duration of the time spend at the hospital after delivery (measured as days and weeks)

Number of Visits at Tertiary Maternity Care Hospital.From gestation until delivery, on average during 9 months
Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Birth until 4 weeks' of age
Apgar Score ≤7 at 5 minutes.At birth.
Superimposed Pre-eclampsia (Mild, Severe, HELLP Syndrome, Eclampsia).20 weeks through discharge following delivery.

Women with Hypertension before pregnancy week 20. HELLP denotes hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count.

Pregnancy Associated Hypertension.20 weeks through discharge following delivery.

Women with Hypertension after pregnancy week 20.

Abnormal uterine artery pulsatility index at gestational weeks 30-32 ultrasound scanAt 30-32 weeks.

According to calculator provided by Fetal Medicine Foundation (https://fetalmedicine.org/research/utpi).

Gestational Age at Delivery.At Delivery.
Number of Visits to Maternity Health Care During Pregnancy.From gestation until delivery, on average during 9 months
Neonatal Hospital Stay.Birth until 18 weeks' of age
Amniotic fluid measurementAt 30-32 gestational weeks

Ultrasound measurements of maximum velocity pocket (cm) and amniotic fluid index (cm)

Estimation of fetal movement during ultrasound scanAt 30-32 gestational weeks

Estimated as a whole with inspection of body movements, limb movements and breathing movement

Creatinine ≥90 µmol/l.20 weeks through discharge.
Vacuum Extraction Delivery.At Birth.
Umbilical artery pulsatility indexAt 30-32 gestational weeks

Measured with Doppler ultrasound

Ductus venousus pulsatility indexAt 30-32 gestational weeks

Measured with Doppler ultrasound

Blood transfusion.From 22nd pregnancy week until four weeks after delivery

Defined as red blood cell transfusion received by patient (mother or child).

Neonatal Death.Birth until 4 weeks' of age
Retinopathy of Prematurity.Birth until 4 weeks' of age
Mean cerebral artery pulsatility indexAt 30-32 gestational weeks

Measured with Doppler ultrasound

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

The Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia

🇫🇮

Oulu, Finland

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