Real World Safety & Efficacy Experience of Empagliflozin With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Study Objective To evaluate the safety and tolerability of Empagliflozin with or without metformin in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Pakistani population.

Study design Open-label, prospective, observational, single arm, multi-center, post-marketing surveillance study.

Sample size The estimated sample size will be n=156. Duration of study 12 months (data lock point will be completion of 6 months' follow-up from the time of last patient's enrollment date) Safety Assessment: Patient will be monitored for Hypoglycemia, Dehydration, Hypotension, Urinary Tract Infections, Fungal Infections, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal Discomfort, Flatulence, Asthenia, Indigestion and Other side effects (if any).

Follow up visits: After recruitment, patient is supposed to have three visits for follow-ups.

Visit 1: 4 to 6 weeks of initiation of therapy. Visit 02: At 12 weeks of initiation of therapy. Visit 03: At 24 weeks of initiation of therapy.

LABORATORY TESTING:

Reputable Lab is considered for laboratory testing of diabetes patients i.e. HbA1C%, FBG, RFT and urine R/E. The certified clinical lab will be responsible for receiving and analyzing clinical sample. Patients will have special discount of upto 50% for study related laboratory investigations.

Where in Urine Routine Examination (Urine R/E), we consider as follows:

• Visual Examination:

  • Urine color: Normal (Yellow), Pale Yellow, Dark Yellow, Brown, Red or Pink or any other.
  • Urine clarity: Clear, slightly Cloudy, cloudy or turbidity

• Chemical Examination:

  • Specific gravity
  • pH
  • Bilirubin
  • Urobilinogen
  • Protein
  • Ketone
  • Leukocyte Esterase

• Microscopic Examination:

  • Red Blood Cells:
  • Epithelial Cells:
  • Amorphous:
  • Pus Cells
  • Bacteria
  • Yeast
  • Casts
  • Crystals

Where in Renal Function Test (RFT), we consider as follows:

• Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): mg/dL
• Serum Creatinine: mg/dL
• Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR): mL/min/1.73 m2