Effects of a Multimodal Program With Augmented Reality on Cognition, Functional Fitness and Physical Activity in Older Adults
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Aging
- Sponsor
- University of Évora
- Enrollment
- 70
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Deary - Liewald reaction time task
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 3 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
The objectives of the present research is to observe the effects of a multimodal program with augmented reality on cognition, functional fitness, quality of life, and physical activity in older people.
Detailed Description
The present investigation lasted 16 weeks. The first two weeks were for familiarization with the tests and initial assessments. This was followed by the 12-week intervention and final assessments (2 weeks). The intervention program ran for 12 weeks with 3 sessions per week of 60 minutes each. There were three different groups: a) a control group; b) a multimodal training group that combined physical training with cognitive training; c) a multimodal training group with augmented reality. The control group continued their daily activities for 12 weeks and did not participate in any new physical activity program during the study. In the multimodal training group, the session consisted of four stations where participants simultaneously trained physical aspects (cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, balance, and flexibility) and cognitive aspects (reaction time, memory, decision making, semantics, and processing speed). In the multimodal training session with augmented reality, the session consisted of 6 stations, 4 stations as in the previous group and 2 stations with augmented reality. These 2 stations used the same components but through the portable exergame platform for the elderly. During the 12 weeks, the intensity and difficulty of each exercise was increased after each session, depending on the evolution of the participants. When forming the training groups, the participants who were not available during the intervention phase were assigned to the control group.
Investigators
Soraia Daniela Pires Ferreira
Principal Investigator
University of Évora
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Participants of both genders
- •60 years old or more
- •Community-dwelling older adults living independently
- •Able to walk autonomously
Exclusion Criteria
- •Having cognitive impairment
- •Neurological disorders
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Deary - Liewald reaction time task
Time Frame: 13 weeks
Simple and choice reaction time
Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Time Frame: 13 weeks
Evaluates the cognitive state of the participant. The MMSE consists of 6 different domains: orientation, retention, attention and calculation; recall; language, and constructive skills. The maximum score for this test is 30 points. However, the education of the participant education is also taken into account when assigning the score.The scores for determining whether a person has cognitive impairment through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are: cut-offs of ≤27 points or persons with \>11 years of school education, ≤22 for persons ranging from 1 to 11 years of school education and ≤ 15 points for illiterate persons.
Frontal assessment battery (FAB)
Time Frame: 13 weeks
Evaluates executive functions, consisting of 6 tests that explore abilities that are related to the frontal lobes. At FAB, the highest score is 18, indicating the best possible performance on the test. The FAB is divided into 6 domains: Conceptualization, Mental Flexibility, Programming, Sensitivity to Interference, Inhibitory Control, and Environmental Autonomy. In each of the subdomains, the score ranges from 0 (worst performance) to 3 (best performance). The subdomains are assessed by short tasks given to the participants.
Trail Making Test
Time Frame: 13 weeks
Cognitive flexibility and processing speed
Stroop
Time Frame: 13 weeks
Inhibition and resistance to interference. The stroop test consists of three different tasks, each lasting 45 seconds. In the first task, the participant had to read the words presented, and the words could be red, green, blue, and green. In the second task, participants had to say what color they were seeing (red, green, blue or green). In the last task, participants were presented with several words (red, green, blue, and green) written in different colors and were asked to list the color of ink for each word. The number of correct answers was recorded, with the number of correct answers giving the better score. For the participant to meet the normative data, they should enumerate more than 40 words/colors.
Phonemic and semantic verbal fluency test.
Time Frame: 13 weeks
The test assesses language production, non-motor processing speed, and executive functions. In the semantic fluency task, participants had to say as many animals as possible over 60seconds. In the phonemic fluency exercise, participants were asked to list as many words starting with a specific letter as possible. The duration of the exercise was 60seconds. More words correspond to better scores.
Secondary Outcomes
- Physical activity(13 weeks)
- Body Composition(13 weeks)
- EQ-5D(13 weeks)
- Senior Fitness Test - Rikli and Jones(13 weeks)
- SF-36(13 weeks)
- Geriatric depression scale(13 weeks)