REGulatory T Cells in Autism Induced by Maternal Immune Activation
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 70
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- To compare Tregs count (% CD4+) and Th17 count (% CD3+) and their ratio in ASD patients with and without MIA
研究概览
简要总结
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) represent a heterogeneous clinical entity of neurodevelopmental disorders affecting around 1% of the general population (Lord et al. 2020). There is currently no curative treatment for patients with ASD, and management does not take into account the existence of specific patient subgroups. Beyond genetic factors (Delorme et al. 2013), environmental factors play a fundamental role in the determinism of ASD. Among them, maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is a recognized risk factor for ASD in children (Estes and McAllister 2016). Our team has helped to demonstrate that MIA induced by infections or autoimmune pathologies in the mother during pregnancy (particularly at the end of the 1st trimester/beginning of the 2nd trimester) significantly increases the risk of ASD in the offspring (Antoun et al. 2021). Mechanistically, MIA leads to a deregulation of the regulatory T lymphocyte (Tregs)/Th17 balance (in the direction of a decrease in anti-inflammatory Tregs and an increase in pro-inflammatory Th17) in the mother but also, via epigenetic mechanisms, in the fetus (Lim et al. 2021). Our team have recently demonstrated the same Tregs/Th17 deregulation profile in ASD patients (Ellul et al. 2021). This disruption of the Tregs/Th17 balance is responsible for disrupting fetal brain development via IL-17 receptors present on fetal neurons (Choi et al. 2016). Importantly, these socio-communicative and morphological abnormalities appear, in specific animal models, to be reversible upon restoration of the Tregs/Th17 balance (Z. Xu et al. 2021; Choi et al. 2016). While data on the involvement of IL-17 are becoming better known, the role of Tregs in this model has been surprisingly little studied.Our overall aim is therefore, in humans and mice, to determine the role of Tregs and IL-17-producing lymphocytes in the development and maintenance of autistic symptoms triggered by MIA.
Our specific objectives in humans will be to use an existing cohort (EXPECT) of ASD patients to compare those with and without a history of MIA using a standardized clinical evaluation (including overall autism severity, language and motor development, adaptive behaviors,comorbidities), a systems immunology assessment (combining deep immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, cytokine measurements - simultaneous Luminex assay of 50 pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg responses) and a targeted quantitative metabolomics analysis of the tryptophan pathway.
详细描述
The aim of the REGAIN project will be to study in detail the cellular populations involved in the development of MIA-mediated autistic symptoms in humans.
Based on both our preliminary meta-analysis data and previous work on Tregs work on Tregs, our team calculated that the number of subjects needed to meet our primary objective on Tregs was (with risk α = 0.05, power power 1 - β =0.9 and a minimum detectable odds ratio = 5) of 30 patients per group (3.75 p/month for 24 months).
The Center of Excellence for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (InovAND) at Robert Debré Hospital receives around 500 new ASD patients a year (40p/month). Furthermore, in humans, it is estimated that 15% of autisms could be linked to an ASI. Over the period of our study, this should represent around 75 patients/year (7p/month) at Robert Debré. For safety reasons, to include enough patients but taking into account the drop in activity due to the COVID-19 crisis, our team decided to include decided to include 35 patients/group (4.37 p/month for 24 months = 1.45 p/month/group).
During hospitalization for the diagnostic workup at InovAND (Robert Debré hospital), and as part of the care provided, patients will be assessed by psychiatrists specializing in autism who will take a family history, ascertain the presence or absence of MIA, collect the child's personal and neurodevelopmental history, and obtain parental consent for inclusion in the cohort. Psychologists, speech therapists and psychomotor therapists will then assess the patients using the standardized scales described above. If the parents have given their consent to participate in REGAIN, the patients will have a sample taken for the purposes of the research. blood sample at the end of the clinical evaluation.
As part of standard care, each child will benefit from a standardized assessment based on (i) autism reference interviews; the Social Reciprocity Scale (SRS); (ii) the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) Autism Diagnostic Observation (iii) assessment of general cognitive abilities and adaptive behavior profile (Wechsler scales or Raven's progressive matrices for non-verbal individuals, Vineland II scale); (iv) a special effort will be made to characterize the main symptoms of autism. More specifically, repetitive behaviors and sensory abnormalities will be explored using the Repetitive Behavior Scales (revised version) and Dunn's Sensory Profile. (v) Psychiatric and somatic comorbidities associated with immune dysregulation will also be explored (ADHD, chronic tics frequently reported in PANS syndrome, gastrointestinal symptoms, immunoallergic comorbidities) using a semi-structured interview our team have constructed.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Non Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Diagnostic
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 3 Years 至 15 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Patients with positive diagnosis of ASD according to DSM-5 (APA, 2015);
- •Age at inclusion between 3 and 15 years;
- •Informed consent signed by both parents and oral agreement in principle given by the subject;
- •Patients affiliated to a social security system
排除标准
- •Patients with severe/profound intellectual disability;
- •Uncontrolled epileptic seizures;
- •Maternal infection during pregnancy with a pathogen with a known direct cerebral cytotoxic effect (CMV);
结局指标
主要结局
To compare Tregs count (% CD4+) and Th17 count (% CD3+) and their ratio in ASD patients with and without MIA
时间窗: 24 months
Evaluation of the Tregs count/Th17 balance in ASD patients with and without MIA
次要结局
未报告次要终点