" Effect of sports specific training program on physical, physiological and performance related variables in basket ball players :- A Randomized Control Trial "

EFFECT OF SPORTS SPECIFIC TRAINING PROGRAM ON PHYSICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PERFORMANCE RELATED VARIABLES IN BASKET BALL PLAYERS

Sports by their very nature are enjoyable, challenging and require a certain amount of skill and physical conditioning. The reason behind every standardized physical training program is to stress body muscles systematically to the limit which improves its capacity to exercise.

Internal changes in athlete’s body are piece of the training puzzle which can be simplified with combining the training protocols with human biomechanics. Traditionally, the coaches and trainers use to plan conditioning programs by following win-loss records. But this type of reasoning alone was not sufficient to scientifically validate their conditioning programs.

Successful teams most of the time are victorious by virtue of its superior athletes and game strategies, Hence, the planning of an effective athletic conditioning program can be best achieved by application of proven physiological training principles rather than fallowing the records.1

The importance of developing good conditioning programs based on the specific physiological demands of each sport is considered a key factor to success in sports.1,2,3

Basketball is a popular sport which requires dynamic, explosive actions. The constant practice of this sport involves repetitive motor actions and excessive joint loading, which increases the vulnerability to injury .6

Studies have shown that most common injuries in basketball affect upper & lower limbs, specifically the knee and ankle sprains.7 8 due to fact that basketball is a sport characterized by actions involving running, changes of direction, lateral movements, jumping, and, in particular, the impact of landing.8In game of 40 minutes players covers about 4500-5000m with variety of multi directional movements like running, jumping and shuffling at variable velocities 9 10

The term ‘sport-specific training’ implies that exercises should mimic as much as possible the actions of the body during participation in a given sport. Specificity should not, however, be over emphasized when selecting resistance exercises because it could lead to imbalances.9

From the literature, an evidence-based relationship between balance ability and the risk of injury is clear17, 18. In fact, studies have demonstrated that exercise training is effective in reducing the risk of injuries17; 18.The training improves proprioception and protects athletes from forthcoming injuries. Proprioceptive information from lower limbs is important in the maintenance of equilibrium in basketball due to the nature of the game19. Proprioception is even more significant for basketball because the basketball skills are composed by complex movements demanding high balance ability19. It was observed that when balance training was implemented during competitive season, the occurrence of injury rate was reduced by 38% 20

.

**AIM:**To study the effect of Sports specific training program on physical, physiological and performance related variables in basket ball players

**OBJECTIVES:**To find the effect of SSTP on Physical variables( Agility, Speed, Flexibility)in basket ball players

2.        To find the effect of SSTP on Physiological variables(Aerobic Capacity, Anaerobic Capacity, Resting HR) in basket ball players

3.      To find the effect of SSTP on Performance variable(Basket ball shoot accuracy)  in basket ball players

PURPOSE  OF STUDY

The lack of required skills, functional weakness, muscle imbalance etc is proven intrinsic risk factors for injuries in sports. Thus, it is imperative to design the optimal conditioning program for overall performance improvement. 15

Al Programs Supplemented with sports specific exercises like strength, plyometric , agility training and combination of  trainings with sports specific skill movements are important for  sportsmen to realize a greater proportion of their potentials and further improve their  performance.

The basketball player needs to train multiple components of fitness like agility, strength, anaerobic capacities, and endurance etc.8 In the present study sport specific training program will be employed which will incorporate skills and movements specific to the sport, at intensities sufficient to promote aerobic and anaerobic adaptations.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a basketball sports specific training on physical, physiological and performance related variables of basket ball players

RESEARCH QUESTION

Will there be any effect of sports specific training program on physical, physiological and performance related variables in male basket ball players

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Null Hypothesis

There will be no effect of Sports specific training Program on physical, physiological and performance related variables in basket ball players

Alternate Hypothesis

There will be effect of Sports specific training Program on physical, physiological and performance related variables in basket ball players

METHODOLOGY

Study type: Randomized Control Trial

Study Population: Basket Ball Players

Study setting: Basket ball Clubs in and around PIMS

Study Period: 3yrs

Sample size: 62

Sampling type: Simple random sampling

Statistical Test: Repeated ANOVA for comparing at (0-6-12) weeks and unpaired ‘t’ Test  for comparing mean of two groups

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

Par-Q Questionnaire

Inform Consent form

Data Record Sheet

Player Information brochure

Basket ball

Medicine ball

Polar Heart rate monitor

Sit and reach Box

Therabands

Cones

Stop watch

Cuff weight

Dumbbells

Height Scale

Weighing Machine

Measuring tape

Stepper

INCLUSION CRITERIA

Basket ball players

Both males and females

Age  18 -24 yrs

Players willing to participate with informed consent

Players qualifying Par-Q eligibility criteria

Players Participating Intercollegiate and above  Level

Players  practicing on regular basis

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Any recent injuries

Acute systemic illness

Players not practicing on regular basis

ü  Players involved in any other  personal training methods

OUTCOME MEASURES

Physical Variables

1.      Agility –  Agility  ‘T’  Test

2.      Speed - 30 Meter dash Test

3.      Flexibility  – Sit and reach test

Physiological Variables

1.      Aerobic Capacity  Vo2 Max -Step Test

2.      Anaerobic Capacity – Running Based Anaerobic sprint Test

3.      Resting heart rate- Polar Heart Monitor

Performance variable

1.      Johnson basket ball test

REFERENCES

1. Chittibabu B, Akilan N, Effect of basketball specific endurance circuit training on aerobic capacity and heart rate of high school male basketball players; International Journal of Physical education fitness and Sports;2013, vo2(4):22-25 .
2. Taylor J. Basketball: applying time motion data to conditioning, Strength and Conditioning Journal, 25 (2003): 57-64.
3. Taylor J., A tactical metabolic training model for collegiate basketball, Strength and Conditioning Journal, 5 (2004): 22-29.
4. Lawson E, Incorporating sports-specific drills into conditioning. In B. Foran (Ed.), High performance sports conditioning (2001) (pp. 215-266). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
5. Borowshi LA, Yard EE, Fields SK, et al: The epidemiology of US High School Basketball Injuries, 2005–2007. Am J Sports Med 2008, 36(12):2328–2335.
6. Gaca AN: Basketball injuries in children. Pediatr Radiol 2009, 39(12):1275–1285.
7. Adirim TA, Barouh A: Common orthopaedic injuries in young athletes. Current Paediatrics 2006, 16(3):205–210.
8. Dick R, Hertel J, Agel J, Grossman J, Marshall SW: Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate men’s basketball injuries: National collegiate athletic association injury surveillance system, 1988–1909 through 2003–2004. J Athl Train 2007, 42(2):194–201.
9. Teka S, The effect of sports specific circuit training and high intensity interval training on aerobic capacity in male basket ball players, IJARD,2(2018) 1388-1393.
10. Narazaki  K, Berg K,Stergiou N,et al. Physiological demands  of competitive basketball. Scand.j Med.Sci.Sports (2008)
11. D.M. McArdle, F.I. Katch, V.L. Katch, Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition and human performance (5th Ed.). (1996) Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
12. M. Smith, Basketball skill test for the big men, FIBA Assist Magazine, 07 (2004) 59-60.
13. C.P. Balabinis, C.H. Psarakis, M. Moukas, M.P. Vassiliou, P.K. Behrakis, Early phase changes by concurrent endurance and strength training, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17 (2003) 393-401.
14. Chamari K, Hachana Y,  Kaouech F, Jeddi R, Moussa-Chamari I, U. Wisløff, Endurance training and testing with the ball in young elite soccer players, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39 (2005) 24-8.
15. Borkar P, Keswani B, Vairagade M*. The effect of circuit resistance training on upper limb* muscle strength in volleyball attacker players. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology; August 2016; 20(1): 25-31
16. Baechle T R, and Earle R W, NSCA Essentials of strength training and conditioning (2nd ed.) (2000) Human Kinetics, Leeds, UK
17. Hubscher M, Zech A, Pfeifer K, Hansel F, Vogt L, Banzer W. Neuromuscular training for sports injury prevention: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:413-421.
18. . Zech A, Hubscher M, Vogt L, Banzer W, Hansel F, Pfeifer K. Neuromuscular training for rehabilitation of sports injuries: asystematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:1831-1841.
19. Scanlan A, Dascombe B, Reaburn P. A comparison of the activity demands of elite and sub-elite Australian men’s basketball competition. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(11):1153-1160.
20. McGuine TA, Keene JS. The effect of a balance training program on the risk of ankle sprains in high school athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1103-1111.