Effect of Behavior Change Communication About Improved Micronutrient Intake on Nutritional Status and Academic Performance of School Age Children in Meskan District, Gurage Zone, South Ethiopia

Background: School age children (SAC) are vulnerable to malnutrition which can have adverse effects on their academic performance at school. Micronutrient deficiency affects as many as two billion people in the world. About 250 million people out of this suffer from deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, zinc and iodine are children. Malnutrition or micronutrient deficiencies lead to lower enrolment and completion rates. A nutrition behavior change strategy provides individuals with the necessary resources, knowledge, skills, motivation and reinforcement needed to encourage positive change in health behavior. So far, there are no any studies in the context of the study area in particular and in the country in general on the effect of behavior change communication (BCC) on improving the nutritional status, micronutrient intake and academic performance of school age children.

Objective: The aim of this study protocol is to evaluate the effects of the behavior change communication (BCC) on nutritional status and academic performance of school age children in South Ethiopia. The hypotheses are that the children in the intervention arm will increase their academic performance and improve their nutritional status and micronutrient intake more than the children in the control arm.

Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial will be carried out to achieve the above mentioned objectives, so that the findings will be used as an input for policies and strategies that will be designed to mitigate the problem. A twelve-month cluster randomized control trial will be conducted in 8 schools of 370 students with ten to fifteen years old. The school intervention will be included BCC for students and science teachers on essential nutrition and hygiene actions (ENHAs) will be provided by background of Health education with Nutritionist. Demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude & practices (KAP) of micronutrient deficiencies prevention, micronutrient intake, anthropometric measurements (height & weight), and academic performance assessment will be during baseline, mid line and end line assessment. The academic performance of children will be assessed by using end term semester results obtain for English and Mathematics subjects and for the overall subject average.

The trial (n= 376) have two randomly assigned arms: a control cluster schools (CC) and intervention cluster schools (IC) according to their cluster. The IC will be received 12 months on nutrition behavior change communication intervention using two modes (lecture, and posters) while CC receive routine dietary practices. The primary outcomes of this study are stunting, micronutrient intake, dietary diversity score, and academic performance of the children; assess using questionnaires, KAP of micronutrient deficiencies prevention, and anthropometry measurements. Secondary outcomes include thinness, underweight, overweight and obesity.

A multivariate logistic regression analysis will be used to identify independent predictors of nutritional status and academic performance of school age children after controlling for confounding variables. The effect of BCC on nutritional status and academic performance will be determined using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and or linear mixed effects models.