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Prevention of Bronchiectasis in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis

Phase 3
Completed
Conditions
Bronchiectasis
Cystic Fibrosis
Interventions
Drug: Placebo control
Registration Number
NCT01270074
Lead Sponsor
The University of Queensland
Brief Summary

The general aim of this project is to conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of azithromycin to determine whether treatment from infancy is safe and will prevent the onset of bronchiectasis. One hundred and thirty infants will be recruited from CF clinics in Australia and New Zealand and treated from 3 months to three years of age. The primary outcome will be the proportion with radiologically-defined bronchiectasis at 3 years of age. Safety and mechanistic evaluations will also be undertaken.

Detailed Description

SYNOPSIS OF PROTOCOL

Title Multi-centre randomized placebo-controlled study of azithromycin in the primary prevention of radiologically-defined bronchiectasis in infants with Cystic Fibrosis

Clinical Phase Phase 3

Protocol Number: AZI001

TGA Reference Number:

Protocol Co-Chairs: Peter D. Sly \& Stephen M. Stick Microbiology Consultant: Lisa Saiman CT Consultant: Harm Tiddens Statistical Consultant: Robert S Ware

Study Design Randomized, double-blind parallel groups. Participants will be randomized into one of the following 2 groups on a 1:1 ratio with 65 participants per group;

Group A: 10 mg/kg (as 200mg/5ml) azithromycin three times weekly for three years added to standard CF therapy.

Group B: matched placebo three times weekly for three years added to standard CF therapy.

Accrual Objective 130 children

Accrual Period 24 months

Study Duration 36 months

Countries: Australia and New Zealand

Sites: Brisbane Au, Sydney, Au, Melbourne Au, Adelaide Au, Perth Au,Auckland Nz, Christchurch Nz.

Primary Endpoint The primary endpoints are the proportion of children with radiologically-defined bronchiectasis at age 3 years, and the proportion of lung tissue affected by disease at age 3 years.

Secondary Endpoints

* The extent and severity of bronchiectasis at age 3 years

* The volume of trapped gas at age 3 years

* CF-related quality of life

* Time to first pulmonary exacerbation

* Proportion of participants experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation

* Number of courses of inhaled or oral antibiotics

* Number of days of inhaled antibiotics

* Incidence of hospitalizations/Accident and Emergency department (A\&E) visits for an acute respiratory exacerbation

* Number of days hospitalized for an acute respiratory exacerbation

* Number of days if intravenous antibiotics

* Body mass index at 3 years of age.

Exploratory Endpoints

* Markers of neutrophilic inflammation

* Markers of oxidative stress

* Composition of airway flora

Safety Endpoints

* Proportion of participants growing P. aeruginosa in BAL

* Age of acquisition of P. aeruginosa in BAL

* Emergence of macrolide-resistant S. aureus, small colony variant S. aureus and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)

* Treatment-related adverse events

* Haematology and clinical chemistry

Inclusion Criteria Participants who meet all of the following criteria are eligible for enrolment as study participants:

1. Children of either sex with a diagnosis of CF following detection via New Born Screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis

2. Participants who, in the opinion of the Investigator, are able to comply with the protocol for its duration

3. Written informed consent signed and dated by parent/legal guardian according to local regulations

Exclusion Criteria Participants who meet any of these criteria are not eligible for enrolment as trial participants:

1. Born \<30 weeks gestation

2. Prolonged mechanical ventilation in the first 3 months of life

3. Participation in another randomized controlled trial within the 3 months preceding inclusion in this study

4. A significant medical disease or condition other than CF that is likely to interfere with the child's ability to complete the entire protocol

5. Previous major surgery except for meconium ileus

6. Macrolide hypersensitivity

Treatment Description ZITHROMAX® (azithromycin)

Study Procedures The study participants will be stratified by investigational site and randomly assigned to either azithromycin or placebo for three years.

Statistical Considerations Participants will be randomized in blocks to the treatment group or the placebo group using a one-to-one ratio. Randomization will be stratified by study site. This will ensure an approximately equal allocation to each group within each site.

Interim Analyses Interim analyses will occur when the first 50% of children (n=33 per group have completed the 12 month CT and when all subjects have completed the 12 month CT. Interim analyses will determine safety or success (unethical to continue).

Stopping Rules Study enrolment may be stopped if any of the following events occur:

* Death of a participant that is related to study treatment.

* The trial meets the definition of futility or success at either of the planned interim analyses

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
130
Inclusion Criteria
  1. Children of either sex with a diagnosis of CF following detection via New Born Screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis
  2. Participants who, in the opinion of the Investigator, are able to comply with the protocol for its duration
  3. Written informed consent signed and dated by parent/legal guardian according to local regulations
Exclusion Criteria
  1. Born <30 weeks gestation
  2. Prolonged mechanical ventilation in the first 3 months of life
  3. Participation in another randomized controlled trial within the 3 months preceding inclusion in this study
  4. A significant medical disease or condition other than CF that is likely to interfere with the child's ability to complete the entire protocol
  5. Previous major surgery except for meconium ileus
  6. Macrolide hypersensitivity

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
azithromycin liquid preparationAzithromycinazithromycin will be given at a dose of 10mg/kg given three times per week from three months of age to three years of age
inert liquid preparationPlacebo controlinert liquid preparation will be given three times per week from three months of age to three years of age
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Proportion of children with radiologically-defined bronchiectasisat three years of age

bronchiectasis will be determined from a low dose volumetric chest computed tomography scan performed at 3 years of age

The proportion of lung tissue affected by diseaseat three years of age

Percentage of diseased lung will be determined from a low dose volumetric chest computed tomography scan performed at 3 years of age

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
body mass indexat three years of age

body mass index will be calcualted from hieight and weight measurements taken at 3 years of age.

proportion of participants experiencing a pulmonary exacerbationover the first three years of life

pulmonary exacerbation will be defined using a standardized instrument

time to first pulmonary exacerbationover the first three years of life

pulmonary exacerbation will be defined using a standardized instrument

Volume of trapped gas at age 3 yearsat 3 years

air trapping will be determined from a low dose volumetric chest computed tomography scan performed at 3 years of age

extent and severity of bronchiectasisat three years of age

bronchiectasis will be determined from a low dose volumetric chest computed tomography scan performed at 3 years of age

Proportion of participants growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchoalveolar lavageover the first three years of life

bronchoalveolar lavage will be performed at 3 months, 1 year and 3 years of age

age of acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosaover the first three years of life
CF-related quality of lifeat three years of age

Quality of life questionnaire to be measured at 3 years

Emergence of macrolide-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, small colony variant Staphylococcal aureus and non-tuberculous mycobacteriumover the first three years of life

Trial Locations

Locations (9)

Sydney Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Perth Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Queensland Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Monash Medical Centre

🇦🇺

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Starship Hospital

🇳🇿

Auckland, New Zealand

Westmead Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Mater Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Women's and Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Royal Children's Hospital

🇦🇺

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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