Long-term Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle in Overweight and Obese Individuals After Hybrid Training
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 30
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in mitochondrial size
研究概览
简要总结
Obesity is a major challenge for public health and renders it imperative to reduce its prevalence. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a form of exercise training that can efficiently induce weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, even in the absence of dietary intake manipulation. Hybrid type training represents a form of HIIT, that incorporates both cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal stimuli, by combining multiple types of exercise into a circuit-type, interval style workout. Recent evidence suggests that long-term participation in hybrid HIIT results in significant health-related benefits. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the chronic effects of hybrid HIIT on cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health remains to be elucidated.
详细描述
A total number of 30 adults (both males and females) aged 30-50, meeting the inclusion criteria, will be enrolled in this study. Participants will be randomly assigned to either (i) a Control group or (ii) an Intervention group. The Intervention group will participate in three hybrid-type HIIT sessions per week over a 6-month period while receiving a balanced diet. The Control group will receive a balanced diet over the 6-month period but will not participate in exercise training. At baseline and 6 months, both groups will undergo assessment of their anthropometric profile, body composition, resting metabolic rate, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory capacity and provide resting blood and skeletal muscle samples.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 30 Years 至 50 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •BMI: >25 kg/m2 and <40 kg/m2
- •Untrained individuals (abstain >1 year from exercise training)
- •No dietary intervention over the last 6 months preceding the study
- •Low cardiorespiratory fitness level (VO2max: <45 ml/kg/min)
- •No use of any medication, dietary supplements
- •Low risk for cardiovascular disease
- •A weight loss <10% over the last 6 months preceding the study
- •Free of non-communicable diseases (excluding metabolic syndrome)
排除标准
- •Low participation rate (<80% completion of the exercise training sessions)
- •Unbalanced diet
- •Participation in additional exercise training regimes
- •Cosumption of anti-inflammatory of pain relief medication
研究组 & 干预措施
Intervention group
Participants in this arm will participate in three hybrid-type HIIT sessions per week over a 6-month period while receiving a balanced diet
干预措施: Exercise training (Other)
Control group
Participants in this arm will receive a balanced diet over the 6-month period but will not participate in exercise training
干预措施: Control group (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in mitochondrial size
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Mitochondrial size will be measured using transmission electron microscope
Change in mitochondrial density
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Mitochondrial density will be measured using transmission electron microscope
Change in mitochondrial count
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Mitochondrial count will be determined using transmission electron microscope
Change in mitochondrial distribution
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Mitochondrial distribution will be determined using transmission electron microscope
Change in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max)
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) will be assessed during a cardiopulmonary exercise testing by using a portable indirect calorimetry system
Change in muscle fiber cross-sectional area
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (μm2) will be measured using immunohistochemical staining for myosin heavy chain
Change in PAX7+ satellite cells count
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
PAX7+ satellite cells will be determined using immunohistochemistry techniques.
Change in total protein content
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Total protein content (total RNA) will be determined in skeletal muscle tissue using real time quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (q-PCR) technique
Change in myonuclei content
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Myonuclei content will be determined in skeletal muscle tissue using immunohistochemistry techniques
Change in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator -1a (PGC-1a) expression
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
PGC-1a expression in skeletal muscle tissue will be assessed using immunoblotting techniques.
Change in Krebs cycle (TCA cycle) enzymes activity
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Krebs cycle enzymes activity will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer
Change in protein expression of respiratory chain complexes
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Protein expression of respiratory chain complexes will be determined using immunoblotting techniques
Change in cytochrome C oxidase amount and expression
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Cytochrome C oxidase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques
Change in ATP synthase amount and expression
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
ATP synthase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques
Change in citrate synthase amount and expression
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Citrate synthase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques
Change in succinate dehydrogenase amount and expression
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Succinate dehydrogenase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques
Change in NADH dehydrogenase amount and expression
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
NADH dehydrogenase amount and expression will be assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques
Change in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer
Change in spare respiratory capacity
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Spare respiratory capacity will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer
Change in mitochondrial maximal respiration
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Maximal mitochondrial respiration will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer
Change in mitochondrial basal respiration
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Mitochondrial basal respiration will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer
Change in non-mitochondrial respiration
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Non-mitochondrial respiration will be determined using the Seahorse XF Analyzer
Change in body fat percentage
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Body fat percentage will be assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
Change in diastolic arterial pressure
时间窗: At baseline and at 6 months
Diastolic blood pressure will be measured using a sphygmomanometer
次要结局
- Change in density and distribution of capillaries(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in skeletal muscle fiber typing(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in GLUT-4 protein expression(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change reduced glutathione content in skeletal muscle cells(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in glutathione peroxidase activity in skeletal muscle cells(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in glutathione reductase activity in skeletal muscle cells(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in superoxide dismutase activity in skeletal muscle cells(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in fasting glucose levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in fasting insulin levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in glycosylated hemoglobin levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in total cholesterol levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in triglyceride levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in general blood count(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in erythrocyte oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in myostatin expression(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change cortisol concentration(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in testosterone concentration(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in growth hormone concentration(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in body mass(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in bone density(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in fat-free mass(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in waist circumference(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in hip circumference(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in resting heart rate(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in resting metabolic rate (RMR)(At baseline and at 6 months)
- Change in systolic arterial pressure(At baseline and at 6 months)
研究者
Ioannis G. Fatouros
Professor
University of Thessaly