Determining a Viral Load Threshold for Pre-emptive Therapy for Cytomegalovirus Infection in Transplant Patients Using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Monitoring
试验速览
- 阶段
- 4 期
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 165
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Group A # with low level of CMV who develop a viral load > 3000 copies/ml & Group B # who develop a 2nd episode of a viral load above 3000 copies/ml after therapy stopped.
研究概览
简要总结
This study aims to determine: a) whether those patients with 'low level' viral load results (between 200 and 3,000 copies/ml) could be monitored as opposed to starting preemptive therapy with valganciclovir, ganciclovir and/or foscarnet; b) whether those patients with 'high level' viral load results (above 3,000 copies/ml) could stop preemptive therapy earlier, thus maximising the benefits of therapy and minimising its risks.
详细描述
Background and Study Rationale
In transplant recipients with CMV infection, the risk of developing CMV disease is directly proportional to the CMV DNA viral load. Historically at The Royal Free, Hampstead, patients were given preemptive therapy on the basis of two consecutive positive CMV PCR results as detected by a qualitative PCR technique. With the introduction of real time PCR, using a Taqman probe and the ABI7700 thermal cycler, it is possible to obtain rapid and sensitive results of viral load on clinical samples with a lower limit of detection of 200 copies/ml. Thus, viral load data can be incorporated into the clinical management of the patient.
From our natural history data, it has been shown that patients with CMV disease had a CMV PCR load ranging from 14,000 to 203 million (median 175,500). The lower bound of the 95% confidence limits of this distribution was 37,000 copies/ml and we aimed to initiate therapy in time to prevent CMV viral load reaching this value. To give a margin of safety, bearing in mind the 1 day average doubling-time of CMV and the timing of sampling twice-weekly, we therefore recommended that preemptive therapy be given once the viral load increases above 3,000 copies/ml. In the past, all patients with a CMV PCR load between 200 and 3,000 copies/ml have received preemptive treatment because the previous PCR assay did not give a quantitative result. As treatment is associated with side effects such as neutropaenia (ganciclovir) and renal impairment (foscarnet) it would be preferable to avoid unnecessary exposure where possible. This study aims to determine: a) whether those patients with 'low level' viral load results (between 200 and 3,000 copies/ml) could be monitored as opposed to starting preemptive therapy with valganciclovir, ganciclovir and/or foscarnet; b) whether those patients with 'high level' viral load results (above 3,000 copies/ml) could stop preemptive therapy earlier, thus maximising the benefits of therapy and minimising its risks.
Objectives
Primary Objectives
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •All Stem Cell, Renal and Liver Transplant recipients.
- •Willing to give informed consent.
- •For Group A) All patients with CMV viraemia (between 200 and 3000 copies/ml) in the liver, renal and stem cell groups in two consecutive samples & for Group B) Those patients requiring pre-emptive therapy because viral load is > 3,000 copies/ml.
- •All patients in either section of the study must be available for CMV PCR monitoring at least twice per week.
排除标准
- •Exclusion Criteria
- •Profound neutropaenia considered to preclude administration of ganciclovir or profound renal failure considered to preclude administration of foscarnet.
- •Inability to give informed consent.
- •In the stem cell group, Donor negative, Recipient negative transplants.
- •In the stem cell group: matched unrelated donors who are CMV seronegative.
- •Those patients who have been in Group A cannot then enter the Group B part. of the study. 5.2.6 Those patients who have been in Group B cannot then enter the Group A part of the study.
研究组 & 干预措施
Group A
Group A: (low level infection) has 2 arms:
- Start treatment when 2 consecutive levels CMV PCR >200copies / ml
- Monitor (Treatment starts when CMV PCR >3,000 copies / ml (current site clinical protocol))
干预措施: ganciclovir (start when CMV PCR >200copies / ml x2) (Drug)
Group A
Group A: (low level infection) has 2 arms:
- Start treatment when 2 consecutive levels CMV PCR >200copies / ml
- Monitor (Treatment starts when CMV PCR >3,000 copies / ml (current site clinical protocol))
干预措施: Monitor (Treatment starts when CMV PCR >3,000 copies / ml) (Other)
Group B
Group B: (patients receiving pre-emptive therapy) has 2 arms:
- Stop treatment when 2 levels CMV PCR <3,000 copies / ml
- Monitor (Treatment stops when there are 2 consecutive levels of CMV PCR <200 copies / ml (current site clinical protocol))
干预措施: Stop treatment when 2 levels CMV PCR <3,000 copies / ml (Drug)
Group B
Group B: (patients receiving pre-emptive therapy) has 2 arms:
- Stop treatment when 2 levels CMV PCR <3,000 copies / ml
- Monitor (Treatment stops when there are 2 consecutive levels of CMV PCR <200 copies / ml (current site clinical protocol))
干预措施: Monitor (Treatment stops CMV PCR <200 copies / ml x2) (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Group A # with low level of CMV who develop a viral load > 3000 copies/ml & Group B # who develop a 2nd episode of a viral load above 3000 copies/ml after therapy stopped.
时间窗: At study completion
次要结局
- To define the duration of antiviral therapy needed to treat CMV viraemia. To record the rate of increase in viral load prior to starting preemptive therapy & to correlate viral loads with CMV specific immune function.(At study completion)