The Effect of Dairy and Non-dairy Breakfasts on Subjective Appetite Ratings, Food Intake, and Post-meal Glycemia in Healthy Older Adults
试验速览
- 阶段
- 1 期
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 29
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Subjective Appetite
研究概览
简要总结
This study investigates the effects of dairy breakfasts (2% cow's milk, 2% Greek yogurt, cheese) and a non-dairy breakfast (soy beverage) on satiety and post-meal blood glucose. Each participant will receive every treatment in this crossover design study.
详细描述
Regular consumption of dairy is associated with better body composition and lower incidences of type 2 diabetes and obesity. This may be due to dairy's ability to increase satiety and decrease post-prandial glycemia. However, most clinical studies have only investigated isolated dairy proteins (whey and casein) and the effects of whole dairy products, consumed as part of a meal, remain unclear. Additionally, the effect of dairy type and form remain to be further investigated. Therefore, this study will test the effects of dairy products when consumed with a high glycemic index breakfast on satiety and post-prandial glycemia.
Thirty healthy older males and females (60-70 years, BMI 18.5-30.0 kg/m2) will be recruited for the randomized, unblinded, crossover study. Participants will fast overnight, and at baseline will consume 1) 2% milk (250 mL), 2) soy beverage (250 mL), 3) plain 2% Greek yogurt (175 g), 4) cheddar cheese (30 g), or 5) water (250 mL - control). Treatments will be consumed along with 2 pieces of white toast with strawberry jam, except for the water control which will be consumed alone. All breakfast meals will be isocaloric and water will be given with the yogurt (75 mL) and cheese (220 mL) to compensate for fluid content. At 0 (baseline), 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, (pre-meal period) and 210 minutes (post-meal period) blood will be collected for glucose analysis and subjective appetite ratings completed. Insulin will be analyzed every 30 minutes. Between 180-200 minutes, an ad libitum lunch will be provided to assess food intake.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 60 Years 至 70 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Healthy BMI (18.5-30.0 kg/m2)
- •Regular breakfast consumers
- •Menopausal for at least 1 year (females)
排除标准
- •Fasting blood glucose equal to or higher than 6.0 mmol/L
- •Cardiovascular disease
- •Medication affecting appetite or metabolism
- •Trying to lose or gain weight through a diet or exercise regime
- •Lactose intolerance or allergies to study foods
- •Score equal to or higher than 11 on Eating Habits Questionnaire
研究组 & 干预措施
2% M.F. Milk
Breakfast meal: 250 mL 2% M.F. milk, 75 g white toast, 23.2 g strawberry jam, 100 mL water
干预措施: 2% M.F. Milk (Other)
2% M.F. Milk
Breakfast meal: 250 mL 2% M.F. milk, 75 g white toast, 23.2 g strawberry jam, 100 mL water
干预措施: White Bread (Other)
2% M.F. Milk
Breakfast meal: 250 mL 2% M.F. milk, 75 g white toast, 23.2 g strawberry jam, 100 mL water
干预措施: Strawberry Jam (Other)
2% M.F. Plain Greek Yogurt
Breakfast meal: 175 g 2% plain Greek yogurt, 75 g white toast, 23.2 g strawberry jam, 100 mL + 75 mL water
干预措施: White Bread (Other)
2% M.F. Plain Greek Yogurt
Breakfast meal: 175 g 2% plain Greek yogurt, 75 g white toast, 23.2 g strawberry jam, 100 mL + 75 mL water
干预措施: Strawberry Jam (Other)
2% M.F. Plain Greek Yogurt
Breakfast meal: 175 g 2% plain Greek yogurt, 75 g white toast, 23.2 g strawberry jam, 100 mL + 75 mL water
干预措施: 2% M.F. Plain Greek yogurt (Other)
31% M.F. Cheddar Cheese
Breakfast meal: 30 g 31% M.F. cheddar cheese, 75 g white toast, 27.0 g strawberry jam, 100 mL + 220 mL water
干预措施: White Bread (Other)
31% M.F. Cheddar Cheese
Breakfast meal: 30 g 31% M.F. cheddar cheese, 75 g white toast, 27.0 g strawberry jam, 100 mL + 220 mL water
干预措施: Strawberry Jam (Other)
31% M.F. Cheddar Cheese
Breakfast meal: 30 g 31% M.F. cheddar cheese, 75 g white toast, 27.0 g strawberry jam, 100 mL + 220 mL water
干预措施: 31% M.F. Cheddar Cheese (Other)
Soy Beverage
Breakfast meal: 250 mL soy beverage, 75 g white toast, 19.3 g strawberry jam, 100 mL water
干预措施: White Bread (Other)
Soy Beverage
Breakfast meal: 250 mL soy beverage, 75 g white toast, 19.3 g strawberry jam, 100 mL water
干预措施: Strawberry Jam (Other)
Soy Beverage
Breakfast meal: 250 mL soy beverage, 75 g white toast, 19.3 g strawberry jam, 100 mL water
干预措施: Soy Beverage (Other)
Water (control)
Breakfast meal: 250 mL + 100 mL water
干预措施: Water (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Subjective Appetite
时间窗: 0-210 minutes
Subjective appetite ratings are obtained from four 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) questions assessing "Desire to Eat", "Hunger", "Fullness" and "Prospective Food Consumption". The average of all four VAS is calculated to obtain the average appetite score for statistical analysis.
Blood Glucose
时间窗: 0-210 minutes
Blood glucose (mmol/L) is measured using finger prick capillary blood samples
次要结局
- Insulin(0-210 minutes)
- Food Intake(180-200 minutes)
研究者
G. Harvey Anderson
Professor
University of Toronto