Protocol for Inpatient Nursing Frailty Assessment (INFA)
- Conditions
- FrailtyFunctional Status
- Interventions
- Other: INFA Program
- Registration Number
- NCT06469723
- Lead Sponsor
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital
- Brief Summary
Background:
Frailty confers greater risks of negative health outcomes in hospitalised older adults. To improve care for this vulnerable population, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is recommended for frail older persons. However, implementing CGA outside of specialised geriatrician-led settings is limited, and few care models use frailty to identify and target older persons for CGA in the hospital-wide context.
The Inpatient Nursing Frailty Assessment (INFA) programme is a CGA-based care model that targets frail older adults acutely admitted to the hospital under non-geriatrician care. The INFA collects information from routine admission assessments by ward nurses, identifying CGA domains of functional decline, delirium, falls, sensory impairment, nutrition, oral health, and swallowing. The CGA allows earlier identification of health issues and development of a personalised care plan, which directs patients to resources that mitigate the risks of functional decline. Resources include nurse-initiated interventions, multidisciplinary team care, discharge planning, community care referrals, and specialist geriatric medicine reviews.
Methods:
The investigators aim to evaluate the INFA programme over two phases: pre-implementation and implementation. The updated CFIR including its Outcomes Addendum is the framework guiding both phases in the evaluation of effectiveness and implementation. The investigator's hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation study design is anchored in this framework. During pre-implementation, the investigators will evaluate the determinants of implementation success and subsequently refine implementation strategies. In the implementation phase, the investigators apply a quasi-experimental approach with intervention and control groups to examine the effects of the INFA intervention compared to usual care. Study participants are patients admitted to medical and surgical wards and are not receiving geriatric care. Individuals are aged 65 years and above and mild to moderately frail (CFS score 4-6). Implementation research in this phase aims to evaluate implementation outcomes. The primary outcome is activities of daily living at six months post-discharge. Secondary outcomes include length of stay, healthcare utilisation including readmissions and ED visits, quality-of-life, and cost-effectiveness.
Discussion:
The study's overall goal is to enhance the quality of care for frail older adults during their hospital stay, leading to improved functional outcomes.
- Detailed Description
The Inpatient Nursing Frailty Assessment (INFA) programme is a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)-based care model that targets frail older adults acutely admitted to the hospital under non-geriatrician care.
Briefly, the INFA programme includes: (1) A comprehensive geriatric syndrome screening tool, merging multiple assessment areas into a streamlined Epic template. This unified system optimises patient data capture and monitoring, promoting early detection of geriatric syndromes; (2) Nurse-led intervention protocols, offering detailed strategies for managing identified geriatric syndromes. This development equips nurses with skills to address complex needs of frail adults, through additional training and supervision; (3) An improved referral process for complex cases to specialist Geriatric nursing and medical care; and (4) Comprehensive early discharge planning and systematic follow-up procedures involving both internal hospital personnel and external community service teams.
This study aims to use the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) including its Outcomes Addendum to guide the evaluation of the effectiveness and implementation of the INFA programme over two phases: pre-implementation and implementation.
In the pre-implementation phase, a detailed written description of the INFA care model will be produced. We will also create a logic model to describe the activities, outputs and outcomes of INFA will be constructed and a theory of change model to explain the causal pathways linking them will be developed. The investigators will engage implementors (healthcare professionals) through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) to understand their perspectives on various contextual factors to implementing the INFA program, thereby enhancing the chances of successful and sustained implementation.
Each participant will attend either a FGD or IDI covering the barriers and facilitators, framed as CFIR determinants, that influence the acceptability, feasibility, and adoptability of the INFA programme, prior to implementation.
The investigators will identify strategies from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change compilation (ERIC) before using the CFIR-ERIC matching tool to select implementation strategies to address CFIR-identified contextual barriers based on the implementer's views.
In the implementation phase, the investigators will apply a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with intervention and control groups to examine the effects of the INFA intervention compared to standard care.In the implementation phase, the investigators will apply a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with intervention and control groups to examine the effects of the INFA intervention compared to standard care. There will be one control and one intervention ward in General Medicine and General Surgery wards. Evaluations on the primary outcome of interest - Functional status - will occur at baseline (admission), discharge, and six months post-discharge. Secondary outcomes and cost-effectiveness analysis will also be collected and analyzed during this study.
Importantly, the implementation phase involves implementation research. The investigators will evaluate the degree of adoption and implementation outcomes of the INFA program, and likelihood of these interventions being delivered long-term and scaled-up. Secondly, the investigators will evaluate the selected implementation strategies in action by examining adoption and fidelity, and also identify the CFIR determinants that influence these implementation outcomes. This will be done through FGDs/IDIs with the nursing leadership, programme implementers, and older adults. Additionally, the logic model and theory of change will be refined.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 300
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description INFA Intervention INFA Program Participants sorted into this arm will receive care under the INFA program, which includes standard care, along with early detection of geriatric syndromes or symptoms using the INFA screening tool. This will include potential early referrals to allied health professionals, care plans, and comprehensive early discharge planning and systematic follow-ups.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method [Implementation phase] Effectiveness of INFA Program - Functional status 6 months post discharge It is hypothesized that with the implementation of the INFA program will lead to improved ADL functions.
Changes in functional status will be measured using the modified Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) functional ability by comparing participants receiving INFA intervention on top of standard care, compared to participants who received only standard care.[Implementation phase] Effectiveness of INFA Program - Implementation Strategies Within 6 months post discharge To understand the effectiveness of the selected implementation strategies from the pre-implementation phase, qualitative interviews will be conducted on INFA implementors to understand the adoption, feasibility, sustainability, and scalability of the INFA program.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method [Implementation phase] Participant healthcare utilization Upon discharge and 6-months post-discharge To compare the effectiveness of the INFA programme by analyzing data on participant's healthcare utilization such as number of unplanned hospital readmissions, Emergency Department visits, length-of-stay and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
HRQoL will be measured using the five-level version of the EuroQoL 5 dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) instrument.
Where possible, hospital data will be accessed to obtain the relevant data for analysis.[Implementation phase] Quality of Life Upon discharge and 6 months post-discharge. Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) will be the primary measure of health benefits gained.
Where possible, hospital data will be accessed to obtain the relevant data for analysis.
Else, surveying of the participant's caregiver would be done.[Implementation phase] Cost Effectiveness Analysis Upon discharge and 6 months post-discharge. The cost of providing the entire programme at a per patient level will be determined.
This will include the cost of providing (1) INFA, (2) Nurse-led protocols, (3) GeriCARE and geriatricians referrals, (4) Discharge and follow-up planning. The investigators hypothesized a better quality of life in this time-limited programme.
Where possible, hospital data will be accessed to obtain the relevant data for analysis.
Else, surveying of the participant's caregiver would be done.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Tan Tock Seng Hospital
🇸🇬Singapore, Singpaore, Singapore