Gut Microbial-related Choline Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-oxide is Associated With Progression of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in HIV Infection

In the present study, the investigators sought to prospectively examine the associations of plasma levels of TMAO (trimethylamine oxide), choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, and sarcosine with risk of incident carotid artery plaque, assessed by repeated B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging over a 7-year period, in women and men with and without HIV infection from the WIHS (Women Interagency HIV Study) and MACS (Multicenter Aids Cohort Study).