Clinical Audit On Management Of Congenital Heart Disease In Assiut Children University Hospital

CHD may be defined as an anatomic malformation of the heart or great vessels which occurs during intrauterine development, irrespective of the age at presentation. The cause of most congenital heart defects is still unknown. Many cases of congenital heart disease are multifactorial and result from a combination of genetic predisposition and an environmental stimulus. A small percentage of congenital heart lesions are related to known chromosomal abnormalities, in particular, trisomy 21, 13, and 18 and Turner syndrome. Of all cases of congenital heart disease, 2-4% are associated with known environmental or adverse maternal conditions and teratogenic influences, including maternal diabetes mellitus, phenylketonuria, systemic lupus erythematosus or congenital rubella syndrome; and maternal ingestion of drugs (lithium, ethanol, warfarin, antimetabolites, vitamin A derivatives, anticonvulsant agents).