Drowning-related Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest in Denmark: A Six-year Registry-based Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 31,200
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- 30-day survival
研究概览
简要总结
Within a six-year period from 2016-2021, this retrospective cohort study aims to: 1) report the national incidence of drowning related OHCA's among cases attended by the Danish Emergency Medical Services (EMS), 2) assess survival defined as return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) on scene, by hospital admission and 30-day survival.
Furthermore, aspects associated with better outcome are evaluated including actions taken by EMS-personnel and laypersons, geographical localization, type of activity, witnessed event, EMS response times, bystander CPR, initial rhythm, use of defibrillator, airway devices, pre-hospital medication, and patient demographics.
This can potentially result in recommendations towards certain educative, preventative, rescue, or treatment strategies to reduce OHCA from drowning.
详细描述
Introduction
Preventing drowning accidents is of great interest, as a large proportion of drowning events can be avoided by proper educative and targeted preventive measures. Yet, effective educative, preventative, rescue and treatment interventions to reduce fatal drowning events require accurate, reliable and sufficient data to be scientifically analysed. However, the complexity of the disease, various drowning terminology, definitions, and an inappropriate classification of drowning events even in high-income countries possess a great challenge when trying to gather sufficient data.
Currently, drowning is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and a leading cause of cardiac arrest in children and adolescents. Even in highly developed countries, the incidence of drowning is highest among children less than 5 years of age and in young adults between 15 and 24 years of age. The duration of submersion plays a key role in determining the outcome from drowning, as submersion exceeding 10 minutes is associated with poor outcome. Furthermore, drowning leading to hypoxic cardiac arrest is a reversible cause that can be treated. Therefore, bystanders, trained rescuers (e.g., trained lifeguards) and EMS personnel play a critical role in the initial attempts at rescue and resuscitation to prioritize oxygenation and ventilation.
Yet, research on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to drowning is limited, and under reporting contributes significantly to misunderstanding of the process of drowning. This leads to a potential for improvement, which requires first and foremost clarification of the most obvious causes and risk factors associated with OHCA from drowning following recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from drowning.
Thus, within a six-year period, this study aims to: 1) report the national incidence of drowning related OHCA's among cases attended by the Danish Emergency Medical Services (EMS), 2) to assess survival defined as return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at any time followed by status at admission and 30-day survival.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Retrospective
入排标准
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)
排除标准
- •Obvious clinical signs of irreversible death (decapitation, decomposition, postmortem lividity, postmortem rigidity)
结局指标
主要结局
30-day survival
时间窗: 30-day after OHCA
Alive or Dead 30 days after the event.
次要结局
- Annual incidence and survival rates of drowning-related OHCA per 100,000 from 2016-2021(Annually from 2016-2021 (at the end of the year))
- Map of drowning-related OHCA in Denmark from 2016-2021(5-year period from 2016-2021)
- Survival status at hospital admission(At hospital admission within 24 hours after admission)
研究者
Niklas Breindahl
Medical Doctor, PhD-student
Prehospital Center, Region Zealand