Effect of Two add-on Software Interventions for Improving Hand Washing and Sanitation in Rural Tanzania: an Impact Evaluation
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 1,500
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in hand washing behavior
研究概览
简要总结
BACKGROUND. Diarrhea is ubiquitous, particularly among people in low- and middle-income countries. Unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene are responsible for nearly 90% of diarrhea-related mortalities. Despite extensive knowledge that has been obtained in recent years, there is no consensus as to the most efficacious approach to improve Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene behavior and health. With this study, we want to determine whether multi-faceted contextualized and non-contextualized WASH interventions have a differential impact.
OBJECTIVES. The primary objective is to determine the effectiveness of a contextualized and non-contextualized add-on intervention for improving hand washing (HW) behavior. Secondary objectives include the impact on latrine use, health, coverage of HW and latrine infrastructure, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •All people above 18 years of age.
排除标准
- 未提供
研究组 & 干预措施
RANAS
Hardware CLTS+PHAST RANAS (contextualized)
干预措施: Hardware (Other)
RANAS
Hardware CLTS+PHAST RANAS (contextualized)
干预措施: CLTS (Behavioral)
RANAS
Hardware CLTS+PHAST RANAS (contextualized)
干预措施: PHAST (Behavioral)
RANAS
Hardware CLTS+PHAST RANAS (contextualized)
干预措施: RANAS (Behavioral)
Mini-RANAS
Hardware CLTS+PHAST mini-RANAS (norms)
干预措施: Hardware (Other)
Mini-RANAS
Hardware CLTS+PHAST mini-RANAS (norms)
干预措施: CLTS (Behavioral)
Mini-RANAS
Hardware CLTS+PHAST mini-RANAS (norms)
干预措施: PHAST (Behavioral)
Mini-RANAS
Hardware CLTS+PHAST mini-RANAS (norms)
干预措施: mini-RANAS (Behavioral)
Control
Hardware CLTS+PHAST Placebo
干预措施: Hardware (Other)
Control
Hardware CLTS+PHAST Placebo
干预措施: CLTS (Behavioral)
Control
Hardware CLTS+PHAST Placebo
干预措施: PHAST (Behavioral)
Control
Hardware CLTS+PHAST Placebo
干预措施: Placebo poster (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in hand washing behavior
时间窗: The outcome is measured at baseline, and after 1 and 2 years of intervention. In addition, a measurement will occur 1 year after the intervention has finished to see whether improvements have been maintained.
The primary outcome is the percentage of households washing hands. The outcome measure will be obtained by means of a self-developed WASH questionnaire, which involves both multiple choice questions and spot checks. A household was defined to have correct HW behavior when they: 1) have a HW station available (spot check), 2) have water and soap available at the HW station (spot check), and 3) indicate to wash their hands with water and soap (questionnaire). The analysis will be repeated for each of the critical times. Critical times of interest include: after defecation or using the latrine, before cooking or handling food, before eating, and before feeding a child.
次要结局
- Change in EQ-5D-3L(The outcome is measured at baseline, and after 1 and 2 years of intervention. In addition, a measurement will occur 1 year after the intervention has finished to see whether improvements have been maintained.)
- Quality of the latrine infrastructure(The outcome is measured at baseline, and after 1 and 2 years of intervention. In addition, a measurement will occur 1 year after the intervention has finished to see whether improvements have been maintained.)
- Change in latrine use behavior(The outcome is measured at baseline, and after 1 and 2 years of intervention. In addition, a measurement will occur 1 year after the intervention has finished to see whether improvements have been maintained.)
- Quality of the hand washing infrastructure(The outcome is measured at baseline, and after 1 and 2 years of intervention. In addition, a measurement will occur 1 year after the intervention has finished to see whether improvements have been maintained.)
- Change in health(The outcome is measured at baseline, and after 1 and 2 years of intervention. In addition, a measurement will occur 1 year after the intervention has finished to see whether improvements have been maintained.)