Circadian Match and Mismatch Effects on Temporal Cognition in Morning- and Evening-Type Adults
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 240
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Time-perception bias measured by the two-alternative forced-choice duration-comparison point of subjective equality
研究概览
简要总结
People differ in chronotype - whether they function best in the morning ("larks") or the evening ("owls"). This study asks whether the match or mismatch between a person's chronotype and the time of day at which they are tested changes how they perceive time.
Healthy morning-type and evening-type adults at three sites (Aarhus, Denmark; Changzhou, China; and Hong Kong) complete the same battery of perception and cognition tasks twice - once in the early morning (about 08:00) and once late in the evening (about 22:00), in counterbalanced order. The primary outcome is the accuracy (signed bias) of time-perception judgements; the key comparison is the interaction between chronotype and time of day (the "synchrony effect").
Secondary measures include timing precision, the subjective passage of time, sleepiness, mood, colour perception (with and without blue-blocking glasses) and perceptual decision-making. By testing the same protocol across three cultures and latitudes, the study examines whether circadian match/mismatch effects on temporal cognition generalise across populations.
详细描述
Background and rationale: Time perception is shaped by attention and physiological arousal, both of which follow a circadian rhythm that differs systematically between morning-type and evening-type individuals. The "synchrony effect" holds that performance is optimal when testing occurs at a person's circadian-preferred time. Whether this match/mismatch alters the perceived speed and precision of an internal clock, and whether any such effect generalises across cultures and latitudes, is not well established.
Design: a 2 (chronotype: morning-type vs evening-type; between-subjects) x 2 (session time: morning about 08:00 vs evening about 22:00; within-subjects, counterbalanced) mixed design, replicated at three sites. "Match" = tested at the circadian-preferred time; "mismatch" = tested at the non-preferred time. Site is included as an additional factor for generalisability.
Procedure: volunteers are screened online (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to classify chronotype, with intermediate types excluded; Munich ChronoType Questionnaire; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; demographics; colour-vision and health checks) and keep a 7-day sleep diary. Eligible participants attend two laboratory sessions and complete an identical battery each time: time-perception tasks (interval production/estimation, duration discrimination, passage-of-time judgement), state measures (sleepiness, mood, arousal), colour tasks (unique-hue settings with and without blue-blocking glasses; an ambiguous-colour image), a perceptual conformity task, and a vigilance task.
Primary hypothesis: a chronotype-by-time-of-day interaction on time-perception bias. Analysis uses linear mixed-effects models (participant as a random effect; chronotype, session time, their interaction, and site as fixed effects), with false-discovery-rate correction across secondary outcomes. Session order is counterbalanced to separate time-of-day from practice and order effects.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 55 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Healthy adult, 18-40 years
- •Clear morning-type or evening-type on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-SA); intermediate types excluded (state exact cut-offs, e.g. evening-type 41 or below, morning-type 59 or above)
- •Normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity
- •Normal colour vision (e.g. Ishihara screening)
- •Fluent in the testing-site language (Danish, Chinese, or English)
- •Able to attend both an early-morning (about 08:00) and a late-evening (about 22:00) session
排除标准
- •Intermediate chronotype (MEQ in the middle band)
- •Night or rotating shift work in the past 3 months, or recent trans-meridian travel (more than 2 time zones in the past 4 weeks)
- •Diagnosed sleep disorder (e.g. insomnia, sleep apnoea)
- •Current psychiatric or neurological disorder
- •Use of sleep medication or psychoactive or CNS-active drugs
- •Colour-vision deficiency
- •Substance-use disorder
结局指标
主要结局
Time-perception bias measured by the two-alternative forced-choice duration-comparison point of subjective equality
时间窗: Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.
Participants complete a two-alternative forced-choice duration-comparison task. On each trial, they judge whether a comparison interval is shorter or longer than a standard interval. A psychometric function is fitted to each participant's responses to estimate the point of subjective equality, defined as the comparison duration judged longer than the standard on 50% of trials. Time-perception bias is calculated as signed percentage error: ((point of subjective equality - standard duration) / standard duration) × 100. Positive values indicate a point of subjective equality above the standard duration; negative values indicate a point of subjective equality below the standard duration. The primary comparison is the chronotype-by-session-time interaction, testing whether time-perception bias differs between circadian match and mismatch sessions.
次要结局
- Temporal precision measured by the two-alternative forced-choice duration-discrimination Weber fraction(Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.)
- Subjective passage of time measured by a passage-of-time rating scale(Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.)
- Subjective sleepiness measured by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale(Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.)
- Mood measured by the Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire(Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.)
- Unique-hue settings measured as hue angle in the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage Colour Appearance Model 2016 (CIECAM16)(Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.)
- Ambiguous-colour image perception measured by forced-choice categorisation of the dress image(Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.)
- Perceptual conformity measured by change in perceptual judgement after social-response exposure(Each of two laboratory sessions, morning about 08:00 and evening about 22:00, completed within about 2 weeks.)
研究者
Dr YU Cehao
Research Assistant Professor
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University