Short or Long Antibiotic Regimes in Orthopaedics

Not Applicable

Active, not recruiting

• Conditions: Osteomyelitis; Prosthetic Joint Infection; Diabetic Foot
• Interventions: Other: Shorter Systemic Antibiotics; Other: Standard treatment

• Registration Number: NCT03806166
• Lead Sponsor: Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

Brief Summary

Research question: If adults with bone or joint infection have local antibiotic therapy, can they do without prolonged treatment with antibiotics by mouth (oral) or injection?

Adults with bone or joint infections are usually given long courses of oral antibiotics or into a vein (intravenous) following surgery. It is also safe to give antibiotics directly into the bone or joint at the time of surgery: this is called local antibiotic therapy. This study investigates whether using local antibiotic therapy would allow shorter courses of oral or intravenous antibiotics, in order to limit antibiotic resistance, side effects and cost.

This study compares short against long courses of oral or intravenous antibiotics for adults who have been given appropriate local antibiotic therapy to treat bone or joint infection. Patients who can take part will be randomly divided into two groups within 7 days of surgery. One group will stop oral or intravenous antibiotics, while the other group will continue for 4 weeks or more (standard treatment).

Adults with bone and joint infections who have already had surgery and local antibiotic therapy will be invited. Patients will not take part if they need intravenous antibiotics for another reason, or if their infection is caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotic(s) used in their local antibiotic therapy.

Main measurement: how many patients' infections return within 12 months after surgery. This will be decided by a group of doctors who do not know what treatment the patient received.

Other important measurements: serious adverse events; side-effects; quality of life; cost of treatment.

Patients will be asked questions at their usual clinic visits, and will be given a questionnaire at the start of treatment and 1 year later.

Detailed Description

Using antibiotics wisely, only when and where they are really needed, is important to prevent superbugs emerging. At the moment, bone and joint infections are usually treated by a combination of surgery and antibiotics. Traditionally, treatment relies on several weeks of antibiotics as tablets or injections (systemic antibiotics), but these can sometimes cause problems.

It is now possible to administer local antibiotics at the time of surgery directly to the site of infection. This allows much higher levels of the antibiotic to be delivered, for days or weeks, following surgery. Therefore, this study will investigate whether local antibiotics with a shorter course of systemic antibiotics can treat bone and joint infections as effectively as local antibiotics with a prolonged course of systemic antibiotics (usual treatment). If so, it may be possible to reduce antibiotic side effects, help to prevent antibiotic resistant bacteria emerging and limit overall treatment costs.

Patients who agree to participate in this study will be allocated at random to two treatment strategies after surgery for bone and joint infection.

One group of patients will be treated with local antibiotics and a long course of systemic antibiotics, which is the usual treatment: this is the 'long group'.

The other group will be treated with local antibiotics and a short course of systemic antibiotics: this is the 'short group' whose treatment differs from the current usual treatment.

Patients will be involved in the study for one year, and infection recurrence will be assessed at the time of routine clinic review up to 12 months after surgery. Whether or not treatment has been successful will be assessed by an independent committee of specialists, who will remain unaware of the patient's allocated treatment strategy.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2019-01-11
• Study First Submitted QC: 2019-01-15
• Study First Posted: 2019-01-16
• Study Start: 2019-02-21
• Status Verified: 2024-12
• Primary Completion: 2024-12-04
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-12-04
• Last Update Posted: 2024-12-09
• Study Completion: 2025-01-31

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 500

Inclusion Criteria

1. Provision of informed consent

2. Aged 18 years or over

3. Presenting with an orthopaedic infection, defined by one or more of the following criteria:

   1. localised pain, OR
   2. localised erythema, OR
   3. temperature ≥ 38.0 C, OR
   4. a discharging sinus or wound

4. Undergoing surgical treatment for the infection

5. Locally administered antibiotic(s) at the site of orthopaedic infection

6. Has received <= 7 days of systemic antimicrobial therapy after surgery

7. Would ordinarily be managed with a prolonged course (>= 4 weeks) of systemic antibiotic(s)

8. Specimens for microbiological analysis taken at index surgery

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Exclusion Criteria

Surgical exclusion criteria

1. The index operation was not a definitive procedure with the aim of eradicating infection:

   1. Primary closure has not been achieved, or
   2. Re-look surgery is planned

2. The index operation involved implant retention (e.g. DAIR)

   Microbiological exclusion criteria

3. Any identified micro-organisms from operative specimens from the site of incident infection are fully resistant to the local antibiotic(s) administered at the site of infection

   Medical exclusion criteria

4. Other infection necessitating additional systemic antibiotic treatment beyond 7 days after surgery, such as Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, psoas abscess, discitis or bacterial endocarditis

5. If the patient is in a clinical trial involving an Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) related to infection

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Shorter Systemic Antibiotics	Shorter Systemic Antibiotics	Participants will receive local antibiotic therapy at the time of surgery, followed by one week or less of systemic antibiotic therapy, for bone and joint infection.
Long Systemic Antibiotics	Standard treatment	Participants will receive local antibiotic therapy at the time of surgery, followed by four weeks or more of systemic antibiotic therapy (standard treatment recommended by international guidelines), for bone and joint infection.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Definitive treatment failure (infection recurrence)	12 months from the time of surgery for bone or joint infection	Proportion of participants in each treatment group experiencing definitive treatment failure (infection recurrence), ascertained by an independent committee of experts unaware of the treatment allocation of the participant, according to established criteria.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Possible or probable treatment failure	12 months from the time of surgery for bone or joint infection	Proportion of participants in each treatment group experiencing clinical features suggesting possible or probable infection recurrence, not meeting the definition for definitive treatment failure, determined by an independent committee of experts unaware of treatment allocation, where microbiological culture is not done or is negative. Ascertainment is based on established clinical criteria associated with, but not diagnostic of, orthopaedic infection.
Serious Adverse Events	12 months from the time of surgery for bone or joint infection	Proportion of participants in each treatment group experiencing Serious Adverse Events including mortality
Quality of life measured by EuroQol 5 Dimensions 5 Levels Score and EuroQol Visual Analogue Score	At baseline and 12 months from the time of surgery for bone or joint infection	EQ-5D-5L score distribution across 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, ability to complete usual activities, pain or discomfort, anxiety or depression) for participants, ranging from 1 (worst) to 5 (best) for each dimension. EQ-VAS score distribution for participants, for self-reported health state, ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
Antibiotic side effects	This will be assessed at baseline (pre-randomisation, at <7 days of treatment), 6 weeks and 3 months from the time of surgery for bone or joint infection	Proportion of participants in each treatment group experiencing possible side-effects from systemic antibiotic treatment, adjusted for severity on a 3-point scale

Trial Locations

Locations (23)

Great Western Hospital; 🇬🇧 Swindon, Wiltshire, United Kingdom

Hospital San Antonio; 🇵🇹 Porto, Portugal

Parc de Salut Mar; 🇪🇸 Barcelona, Spain

Southampton General Hospital; 🇬🇧 Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom

Wrightington Hospital; 🇬🇧 Wigan, Lancashire, United Kingdom

Barts and the Royal London Hospitals; 🇬🇧 London, United Kingdom

University Hospitals Dorset; 🇬🇧 Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom

Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre; 🇬🇧 Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital; 🇬🇧 Stanmore, London, United Kingdom

The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Hospital; 🇬🇧 Gobowen, Oswestry, United Kingdom

Universitaetsklinikum Regensburg; 🇩🇪 Regensburg, Germany

Royal Liverpool Hospitals; 🇬🇧 Liverpool, United Kingdom

The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust; 🇬🇧 Rotherham, United Kingdom

London North West Healthcare NHS Trust; 🇬🇧 London, United Kingdom

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; 🇬🇧 London, United Kingdom

University Hospitals Birmingham; 🇬🇧 Birmingham, United Kingdom

Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust; 🇬🇧 Brighton, United Kingdom

Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust; 🇬🇧 Manchester, United Kingdom

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; 🇬🇧 Nottingham, United Kingdom

Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust; 🇬🇧 Salisbury, United Kingdom

The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust; 🇬🇧 Wakefield, United Kingdom

Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; 🇬🇧 Newcastle, United Kingdom

Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; 🇬🇧 Blackpool, United Kingdom