Comparison of Carotenoid Bioavailability From Fresh Papaya, Tomato and Carrot

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Focus of Study: Carotenoid Absorption
• Interventions: Other: Papaya; Other: Carrot; Other: Tomato

• Registration Number: NCT01748916
• Lead Sponsor: Ohio State University

Brief Summary

The goal of this study is to determine if papaya fruits are an exceptionally good food source for carotenoids in humans, particularly when compared more common carotenoid sources like carrots and tomatoes. This objective will be accomplished by quantitation of the immediate post-prandial plasma concentrations of parent carotenoids and vitamin A metabolites from subjects who consumed a meal containing fresh papaya, tomato, and carrot.

Detailed Description

The main purpose of this study is comparing bioavailability of papaya carotenoids versus carrot and tomato carotenoids. Previously, vitamin A deposition in rat livers was studied, showing that carotenoid bioavailability from papaya is higher than from spinach, parsley and carrots. Detailed knowledge about human carotenoid absorption and conversion from papaya fruit compared to other food sources is still lacking.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2011-06
• Primary Completion: 2011-11
• Study Completion: 2011-11
• Study First Submitted: 2012-12-03
• Study First Submitted QC: 2012-12-11
• Study First Posted: 2012-12-13
• Results First Submitted: 2014-10-15
• Results First Submitted QC: 2014-10-21
• Results First Posted: 2014-10-24
• Status Verified: 2021-07
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-07-07
• Last Update Posted: 2021-07-09

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 16

Inclusion Criteria

• healthy individuals

Exclusion Criteria

• lactating, pregnant, or planned to be pregnant
• smokers/those who use tobacco products
• metabolic or malabsorption disorders
• had a history of cancer
• history of liver insufficiency or other gastro-intestinal diseases
• allergy to papaya, carrots or tomatoes
• obesity

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Papaya-Carrot-Tomato	Carrot	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Carrot 3. Tomato.
Papaya-Tomato-Carrot	Carrot	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Tomato 3. Carrot
Tomato-Papaya-Carrot	Papaya	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Papaya 3. Carrot
Tomato-Papaya-Carrot	Carrot	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Papaya 3. Carrot
Carrot-Tomato-Papaya	Carrot	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Tomato 3. Papaya
Papaya-Carrot-Tomato	Papaya	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Carrot 3. Tomato.
Papaya-Tomato-Carrot	Tomato	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Tomato 3. Carrot
Papaya-Carrot-Tomato	Tomato	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Carrot 3. Tomato.
Tomato-Papaya-Carrot	Tomato	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Papaya 3. Carrot
Tomato-Carrot-Papaya	Tomato	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Carrot 3. Papaya
Carrot-Papaya-Tomato	Papaya	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Papaya 3. Tomato
Carrot-Papaya-Tomato	Carrot	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Papaya 3. Tomato
Papaya-Tomato-Carrot	Papaya	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Tomato 3. Carrot
Tomato-Carrot-Papaya	Papaya	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Carrot 3. Papaya
Carrot-Tomato-Papaya	Tomato	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Tomato 3. Papaya
Tomato-Carrot-Papaya	Carrot	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Carrot 3. Papaya
Carrot-Papaya-Tomato	Tomato	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Papaya 3. Tomato
Carrot-Tomato-Papaya	Papaya	Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Tomato 3. Papaya

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pharmacokinetics of Carotenoid Absorption From Papaya, Carrot and Tomato	8 post-prandial blood samples over 9.5 hours	The primary goal of this research is to investigate whether papaya can deliver increased quantities of carotenoids when compared to carrot and tomato. An area under the curve for concentration of carotenoids (from triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction of plasma) over time will be determined to quantify absorption, after subjects consume a meal containing papaya, carrot or tomato.

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

The Ohio State University; 🇺🇸 Columbus, Ohio, United States

University of Costa Rica; 🇨🇷 San José, Costa Rica