Mental Rotation and Motor Imagery Training for Upper-Extremity Function in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 54
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test
研究概览
简要总结
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of sequential laterality, motor imagery, and mental rotation training in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Both groups received conventional physiotherapy, while the intervention group received structured cognitive-motor training and the control group received active visual-attention training.
详细描述
Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Both groups received 45-minute sessions three times per week for six weeks. Mental rotation ability was the primary outcome, while upper-extremity function, manual ability, motor imagery, grip strength, dexterity, and information-processing speed were assessed as secondary outcomes. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention by a researcher blinded to group allocation.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Diagnosed with definite relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis by a neurologist according to the revised McDonald criteria
- •Not experiencing an acute MS relapse
- •Mini Mental State Examination score ≥24
- •No clinical MS relapse within the previous 3 months
- •No corticosteroid treatment for an MS relapse within the previous 3 months
- •Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 1.5 and 6.0
- •Modified Ashworth Scale score ≤2
- •Sufficient communication ability to understand visual and verbal instructions and follow the training protocol
- •Able to attend at least 80% of the planned sessions
- •Able to complete the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3
排除标准
- •Any medication change within the previous 3 months
- •Uncorrected severe visual or hearing impairment
- •A communication disorder preventing the perception of or response to the visual and verbal stimuli used in the study
- •Participation in another structured upper-extremity rehabilitation program or interventional study during the study period
- •Presence of an additional neurological disorder
- •Advanced sensory loss or proprioceptive impairment that could affect participation in the intervention
- •Botulinum toxin injection within the previous 3 months
研究组 & 干预措施
Multicomponent rotation training
Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy and 15 minutes of sequential laterality, motor imagery, and mental rotation training, three times per week for six weeks.
干预措施: Laterality, Motor Imagery, and Mental Rotation Training (Other)
Sham training
Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy and 15 minutes of active visual-attention training using neutral objects, colors, shapes, and symbols, three times per week for six weeks.
干预措施: Active Visual-Attention Control Training (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test
时间窗: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test a widely used mental rotation tests, consists of 30 three-dimensional spatial perception questions.
次要结局
- The Symbol Digit Modalities Test(Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.)
- Nine-Hole Peg Test(Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.)
- Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire(Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.)
- Grip Strength(Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention)
- Abilhand(Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.)
- The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)(Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.)
研究者
Ramazan KURUL
Assistant Professor
Abant Izzet Baysal University