Acute Effects of Breakfast Compared With No Breakfast on Cognitive Function and Subjective State in 11-13 Year Old Children: A School-based, Randomised, Controlled, Parallel Groups Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 234
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change from baseline Paired Associates Learning (PAL) performance
研究概览
简要总结
This study is a school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial to examine the acute effect of breakfast (ready-to-eat-cereal and milk) vs. no breakfast on cognitive function and subjective state in 11-13 year old adolescents. It was hypothesised that the consumption of breakfast will have a positive acute effect on cognitive performance and subjective state compared with breakfast omission in 11-13 year olds.
详细描述
This study is a school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial to examine the acute effect of breakfast (ready-to-eat-cereal and milk) vs. no breakfast on cognitive function and subjective state in 11-13 year old adolescents. It was hypothesised that the consumption of breakfast will have a positive acute effect on cognitive performance and subjective state compared with breakfast omission in 11-13 year olds. The study sample consisted of males and females aged 11-13 years who were recruited to take part in the study from a UK secondary school. There were two conditions in this parallel groups study: Breakfast and No breakfast (fasting). The breakfast intervention consisted of ad libitum intake of ready-to-eat-cereal with milk. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and +70 and +215 minutes post-intervention. The Cambridge Neuro-psychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB; Cambridge Cognition Ltd) was used to assess cognitive function. The battery included: Simple Reaction Time (SRT), 5-Choice Reaction Time (5-CRT), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP), and Paired Associates Learning (PAL), which measured reaction time, visual-sustained attention, and visual-spatial memory respectively. Concomitant ratings of subjective mood, alertness, satiety, and motivation were taken throughout the morning using eight unipolar Visual Analogue Scales
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 11 Years 至 13 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •The inclusion criteria were as follows: aged 11-13 years, willingness to consume RTEC with semi-skimmed cow's milk during the study, ability to follow verbal and written instructions in English, and normal vision with appropriate corrective lenses if required. The
排除标准
- •were as follows: inability to understand the objective of the cognitive tests or carry out the tests, behavioural difficulties or attention disorders, administration of any psychotropic medication in the month prior to testing or during testing, food allergies or intolerances which prevent consumption of RTEC and milk (e.g. coeliac, lactose intolerance), acute illness or feeling unwell within the week prior to testing or during testing, and hearing impairment that precluded the normal use of headphones.
研究组 & 干预措施
No Breakfast
Fasting. Ad libitum water intake permitted.
Breakfast
Ad libitum intake of ready-to-eat-cereal with milk. Participants were given a choice of four commercially available RTECs with 1.8% fat cow's milk. Ad libitum water intake was also permitted. The four ready-to-eat-cereals were corn flakes, toasted rice, shredded whole wheat pieces with a sugar topping, and wheat, corn and oat shapes.
干预措施: Breakfast: ready-to-eat-cereal and milk (Dietary Supplement)
结局指标
主要结局
Change from baseline Paired Associates Learning (PAL) performance
时间窗: baseline, 70 minutes post-intervention.
Paired Associates Learning (PAL) task was administered on individual touchscreen portable computers.
次要结局
- 5-Choice Reaction Time task performance(baseline, 70 minutes and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of motivation to try hard(baseline, 15 minutes, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Rapid Visual Information Processing task (RVIP) performance(baseline, 70 minutes and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of energy(baseline, 15 minutes, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of hunger(baseline, 15 minutes, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of cheerfulness(baseline, 15 minutes, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of performance on the cognitive test battery(baseline, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Simple Reaction Time task performance(baseline, 70 minutes and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of bad temperedness(baseline, 15 minutes, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of ease of distraction(baseline, 15 minutes, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of ease of focusing(baseline, 15 minutes, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of cognitive test battery difficulty(baseline, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of feeling of awake(baseline, 15 minutes, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of frustration during the cognitive test battery(baseline, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
- Subjective unipolar visual analogue scale ratings of concentration during the cognitive test battery(baseline, 70 minutes, and 215 minutes post-intervention)
研究者
Prof Louise Dye
Professor Louise Dye
University of Leeds