The Effect of Sacroiliac Joint Manipulation on Core Stabilization in Healthy Individuals

SIJ is recognized as a key anatomical structure responsible for transmitting mechanical loads between the spine and the lower extremities. Even minor restrictions in SIJ mobility have the potential to alter lumbopelvic alignment, modify core muscle activation patterns, and influence postural stability. Although these alterations may occur in symptomatic and asymptomatic populations alike, the precise neuromuscular mechanisms through which SIJ mobility affects trunk control remain an area of ongoing scientific inquiry.

Manual therapy techniques-particularly HVLA manipulation-are frequently employed to restore joint mobility, regulate proprioceptive input, and optimize neuromuscular coordination within the lumbopelvic region. HVLA manipulation has been proposed to facilitate rapid mechanical and neurophysiological responses, including improved segmental motion, enhanced afferent feedback, and short-term modifications in motor unit recruitment. Despite these proposed mechanisms, empirical evidence concerning the acute effects of SIJ-directed HVLA manipulation in healthy adults is limited.

Core stabilization constitutes another critical component of lumbopelvic rehabilitation. This approach emphasizes the activation, endurance, and coordinated function of deep trunk musculature-particularly the transversus abdominis, multifidus, and associated stabilizer groups-which collectively contribute to spinal alignment and postural equilibrium. Core stabilization strategies are widely supported in theory; however, their interaction with manual therapy techniques, especially in terms of immediate biomechanical and neuromuscular responses, has not been thoroughly examined in healthy individuals.

This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the immediate effects of bilateral SIJ HVLA manipulation on trunk stability and postural control in healthy adults. The study was conducted at Ataşehir Florence Nightingale Hospital and included participants aged 18-40 years who met predefined eligibility criteria. After completing baseline assessments, participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups:(1) the SIJ Manipulation Group, which received bilateral HVLA manipulation at the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS) in a side-lying position, and (2) the Control Group (No Treatment), which completed the same assessment procedures without receiving any therapeutic intervention.

A comprehensive set of outcome measures was selected to evaluate multiple dimensions of lumbopelvic function. Pelvic alignment patterns were examined using the Derifield-Thompson leg check, while lumbar spine mobility was assessed with the Modified Schober Test. Core endurance and trunk muscle performance were measured using standardized sit-up and plank tests. The most detailed assessment was performed with the CTT biofeedback system, an objective device capable of analyzing postural control across 22 angular positions ranging from 0° to ±180°, thereby providing multidimensional insight into trunk stability.