Alpha Auditory Entrainment for Cognitive Enhancement and Sensory Hypersensitivity in Youth With Developmental Disorders

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Autistic Disorder; Asperger Syndrome; Fragile X Syndrome; Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Interventions: Other: Alpha Auditory Entrainment; Other: Sham

• Registration Number: NCT06227780
• Lead Sponsor: Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

Brief Summary

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. Scientists have investigated FXS extensively in both humans and animals. Thus far, phenotypic rescue in animal models has not resulted in treatment breakthroughs in humans, though some important discoveries have been made. Research has shown that individuals with FXS process sounds differently than those in the typical population, and they also show baseline differences in brain activity, including high gamma activity, increased theta activity, and decreased alpha activity. The investigators' central hypothesis is that these alterations in brain activity (specifically alpha and gamma activity) impair the brain's ability to process new information, thereby impeding cognitive functioning and increasing sensory sensitivity. The investigators propose that auditory entrainment, a technique that involves playing special sounds through headphones, will normalize brain activity in individuals with FXS and lead to increased cognitive function and decreased sensory hypersensitivity.

Detailed Description

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is an exemplar monogenetic neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) where a tremendous body of multi-species translational research has elucidated the underlying molecular pathophysiology, and more recently, in-depth electrophysiology of cortical function. Thus far, phenotypic rescue in animal models has not resulted in treatment breakthroughs in humans. Central to this discrepancy is a poor understanding of the constituent neurodynamics of averaged group effects and individual variability in human brain activity as related to higher-level cognitive symptomatology and clinical phenotype. The investigators' large collection of preliminary data demonstrates that individuals with FXS do not mount precise neural responses to the sensory auditory chirp and, instead, have "noisy" asynchronous gamma activity. Furthermore, a marked reduction in alpha power suggests altered thalamocortical function, reducing the ability to detect signal from noise and representing potential tractable targets for "bottom-up" entrainment. This approach involves three scientific aims, which, if addressed, would ascertain underlying mechanisms that may alleviate sensory and cognitive impairments. First, the investigators will study transient, non-continuous features (neurodynamics) of alpha and gamma oscillations in resting-state EEG and sensory auditory chirp that model patient-level heterogeneity and constitute group effects (Aim 1A), and will also identify what, if any, of these novel features are conserved in the Fmr1-/-KO using preexisting murine EEG data and represent patient subgroups (Aim 1B). Second, the research team will extend into cognition by studying neurodynamics and circuit modeling associated with statistical learning (SL), which shares similar neural mechanisms to the sensory auditory chirp (Aim 2). Third, the investigators will use individualized closed-loop alpha auditory entrainment (AAE) to attempt the normalization of neural signatures of the sensory auditory chirp and SL tasks (Aim 3). Aim 1 and 2 findings will provide critical data to optimize closed-loop parameters of AAE to serve as a "bottom- up" neural probe to understand the mechanics of disorder-relevant circuit activity through perturbation of thalamocortical drive. Ascertaining the mechanisms underlying these alterations would have a high clinical impact, especially to enhance early intervention to alter the trajectory of intellectual development in which no definitive treatments are available.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2023-05-24
• Study First Submitted: 2023-11-16
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-01-18
• Study First Posted: 2024-01-29
• Status Verified: 2024-08
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-08-26
• Last Update Posted: 2024-08-27
• Primary Completion: 2027-05-24
• Study Completion: 2028-05-24

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 180

Inclusion Criteria

• FXS Cohort: 1) Aged 5-10 years, inclusive; 2) Patient has full FMR1 mutation confirmed by genetic testing.
• ASD Cohort: 1) Aged 5-10 years, inclusive; 2) Have no known genetic mutation; 3) Have documentation of ASD diagnosis; 4) Score ≤ 15 on SCQ screen; 5) Be in good health per investigator.
• TDC Cohort: 1) Aged 5-10 years, inclusive; 2) Have no known genetic mutation; 3) Have documentation of ASD diagnosis; 4) Score ≤ 15 on SCQ screen; 5) Be in good health per investigator; 6) Patient has met normal developmental milestones; Patient has no family history of heritable neuropsychiatric disorders; 7) Patient has an IQ greater than 85 on the Stanford-Binet; 8) Score ≤8 on an SCQ screen.

Exclusion Criteria

• All subjects: 1) Patient has auditory or visual impairments that cannot be corrected; 2) History of substance abuse or dependence within the past 6 months

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Autism Spectrum Disorder Controls	Alpha Auditory Entrainment	Age and sex-matched with FXS cohort
Typically Developing Controls	Sham	Subjects with neither disorder who have met normal developmental milestones
Typically Developing Controls	Alpha Auditory Entrainment	Subjects with neither disorder who have met normal developmental milestones
Fragile X Syndrome	Alpha Auditory Entrainment	Fragile X Syndrome with full FMR1 mutations (\>200 CGG repeats; at least partial FMR1 gene methylation)
Fragile X Syndrome	Sham	Fragile X Syndrome with full FMR1 mutations (\>200 CGG repeats; at least partial FMR1 gene methylation)
Autism Spectrum Disorder Controls	Sham	Age and sex-matched with FXS cohort

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Alpha auditory entrainment versus sham effect on Word Learning Index during the Statistical Learning Passive Task.	1 week	The Statistical Learning Passive Task uses an EEG-based measure of neural entrainment that uses inter-trial coherence (ITC) to calculate Word Learning Index (WLI).; Patterns of EEG phase-locking, corresponding to a shift in processing from raw syllable units to cohesive words, reflect gradual statistical learning in the brain. The WLI effect can be quantified by creating a ratio of the inter-trail coherence for words versus syllables, as follows: WLI = Inter-trial Coherence word rate / Inter-trial Coherence syllable rate; A higher WLI indicates a relatively stronger response to tri-syllabic nonwords compared to raw syllables, reflecting stronger word segmentation due to statistical learning.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Cincinnati, Ohio, United States