Enhancing Efficacy of Mango Phytochemicals in Cognitive Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Lean and Obese

Rationale: In obesity, interactions between adipocytes and macrophages are of increasing importance to understanding obesity and chronic diseases. Dietary compounds, such as polyphenols, are expected to cause significant changes in inflammatory biomarkers in lipid tissue that are different from those in blood. To capture any changes of macrophages interacting with lipid tissue and associated biomarkers, lipid biopsies were collected in this study.

Before the study day: Participants were advised to not eat anything after dinner at 7-8pm the night (A 12-hour fast). Drink plenty of water, at least 8 fl oz in the evening and 8 fl oz in the morning. Participants were advised to eat a well-balanced meal consisting of 25% protein-rich food, 25% whole grain high-fiber carbohydrate, and 50% fruits and vegetables prior to beginning of fast. Prior to the first study session, participants were asked to fill out a 72-h nutritional report with all food and drinks consumed using a website (www.mynetdiary.com)

Study day: Participants were asked to consume 400 g of cubed, fresh mango during the early morning hours of the study day starting right after the baseline blood draw. If they were in the placebo group, they were asked to take one placebo capsule daily. The placebo used in this study consisted of vegetable cellulose (HPMC USP) filled with 100% microcrystalline cellulose USP. If they were in the probiotic group, they were asked to take one capsule of the Renew Life Ultimate Flora "Extra Care" probiotic daily.

Study Treatment: In this study participants were placed into one of four different groups depending on their BMI. The study treatment depended on which study group they were in:

BMI 18-23, Group 1: They were asked to consume a single portion of 400g of mango and take one placebo capsule every day for the duration of the 8-week study.