Pembrolizumab and Tamoxifen With or Without Vorinostat for the Treatment of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8
Prognostic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8

Interventions: Biological: Pembrolizumab
Drug: Tamoxifen
Drug: Vorinostat

Registration Number: NCT04190056

Lead Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco

Brief Summary: This phase II trial studies how well pembrolizumab and tamoxifen with or without vorinostat work for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Estrogen can cause the growth of breast cancer cells. Hormone therapy with tamoxifen may may fight breast cancer by blocking the use of estrogen by the tumor cells. Vorinostat may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. This trial is being done to find a drug combination to better control estrogen receptor positive breast cancer and reduce the number of pills taken.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To define the role of epigenetic immune priming in a biomarker enriched estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer population on the basis of overall response rate.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess duration of response (DOR) 24-week landmark progression-free survival (PFS:24).

II. Median PFS and overall survival (OS). III. Tumor responses will also be calculated by Immune Related Response-Criteria (irRC).

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. Evaluation of biomarker target threshold on response rate (retrospective cut off of 20% versus \[vs\] 10%).

II. To assess the ratio of effector T cells: regulatory T cells in blood and tumor biopsies pre- and post-therapy.

III. To evaluate inflammatory T cell signature changes in blood and tumor biopsies pre- and post-therapy.

IV. To evaluate changes in number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood and tumor biopsies pre- and posttherapy.

V. To evaluate changes in histone acetylation in peripheral blood cells and tumor biopsies pre- and post-therapy.

VI. Initial comparison to vorinostat-induced PD-1 in lymphocytes, PD-L1 modulation.

VII. Nanostring and 10 x sequencing and single cell immune phenotyping (on stored tissue for successful arms only).

VIII. Impact of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition of response to pembrolizumab vs. pembrolizumab in biomarker enriched population.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.

ARM A: Patients receive pembrolizumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1, vorinostat orally (PO) once daily (QD) for 4 days weekly, and tamoxifen PO QD on days 1-21. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression of unacceptable toxicity.

ARM B: Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 and tamoxifen PO QD on days 1-21. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression of unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 30 days and then every 12 weeks thereafter.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 1

Inclusion Criteria

Pre and postmenopausal women or men with stage IV ER+ breast cancer histological or cytological confirmation
> 10% expression of PD-1/Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) dual staining in Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) cells in tumor or blood or >5% expression of PD-1/CTLA-4 dual staining in CD4 in blood (only).
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of =< 1
Understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent prior to any study-related assessments or procedures are conducted and are able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements
Consent to paired tumor biopsy
Measurable tumor by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria
Per Good Clinical Practice, any toxicity related to prior therapies that, in the opinion of the investigator, would potentially be worsened with anti-PD1 therapy should be resolved to less than grade 1
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1.5 X 10^9/L
Hemoglobin (Hgb) >= 9 g/dL (may transfuse if clinically indicated)
Platelets (plt) >= 100 x 10^9/L
Potassium within normal range, or correctable with supplements
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x upper limit normal (ULN) or =< 5.0 x ULN if liver tumor is present
Serum total bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN
Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x ULN, or 24-hr clearance >= 60 ml/min
Females of childbearing potential (defined as sexually mature women who):
- Has not undergone a hysterectomy (the surgical removal of the uterus) or bilateral oophorectomy (the surgical removal of both ovaries) or,
- Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time during the preceding 24 consecutive months) must have
  - Negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days before starting study treatment in females of childbearing potential (FCBP) and willingness to adhere to acceptable forms or birth control (a physician-approved contraceptive method (oral, injectable, or implantable hormonal contraceptive; tubal ligation; intra-uterine device; barrier contraceptive with spermicide; or vasectomized partner)
All female and male participants must agree to use approved contraception during the treatment period and for at least 18 weeks after the last dose of study treatment and refrain from donating sperm during this period

Exclusion Criteria

Prior treatment with pembrolizumab or other PD-(L)1
Any significant medical condition, laboratory abnormalities, which places the subject at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study
Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that required steroids or current pneumonitis/ interstitial lung disease
Has known active hepatitis B (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reactive) or hepatitis C (e.g., hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) [qualitative] is detected)
Has a history of hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the study, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator
Symptomatic central nervous system metastases. Subjects with brain metastases that have been previously treated and are stable for 6 weeks are allowed
Persistent diarrhea or malabsorption >= National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2, despite medical management
Unstable angina, significant cardiac arrhythmia, or New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3 or 4 congestive heart failure
Prior systemic cancer-directed treatments or investigational modalities =< 5 half-lives or 4 weeks, whichever is shorter, prior to starting study drug or who have not recovered from side effects of such therapy (except alopecia)
Active autoimmune disease except for vitiligo or hypothyroidism
Active and ongoing steroid use, except for non-systemically absorbed treatments (such as inhaled or topical steroid therapy for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic rhinitis)
Major surgery =< 2 weeks prior to starting a study drug or who have not recovered from side effects of such therapy
Pregnant or breastfeeding
Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Known history of tuberculosis
Known allergic reaction or intolerability to tamoxifen
Patients with prior history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)s must be on therapeutic or preventive anticoagulation

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Arm A (pembrolizumab, vorinostat, tamoxifen)	Pembrolizumab	Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1, vorinostat PO QD for 4 days weekly, and tamoxifen PO QD on days 1-21. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression of unacceptable toxicity.
Arm B (pembrolizumab, tamoxifen)	Pembrolizumab	Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 and tamoxifen PO QD on days 1-21. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression of unacceptable toxicity.
Arm A (pembrolizumab, vorinostat, tamoxifen)	Tamoxifen	Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1, vorinostat PO QD for 4 days weekly, and tamoxifen PO QD on days 1-21. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression of unacceptable toxicity.
Arm A (pembrolizumab, vorinostat, tamoxifen)	Vorinostat	Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1, vorinostat PO QD for 4 days weekly, and tamoxifen PO QD on days 1-21. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression of unacceptable toxicity.
Arm B (pembrolizumab, tamoxifen)	Tamoxifen	Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 and tamoxifen PO QD on days 1-21. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression of unacceptable toxicity.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Overall Response Rate (ORR)	Up to 24 weeks	ORR is defined as the proportion of participants randomized to that arm whose status is stable disease (SD) or better (complete response (CR), partial response (PR)). Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions: CR=Disappearance of all target lesions; PR = \>=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, and SD=Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease,.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Median Progression Free Survival (PFS)	Up to 27 months	Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the duration of time from start of treatment to time of progression or death from any cause on study, whichever occurs first. Will use median PFS (computed by the Kaplan-Meier estimator) to summarize. The respective confidence intervals will be computed as well.
Median Overall Survival (OS)	Up to 27 months	Will use median OS (computed by the Kaplan-Meier estimator) to summarize from initiation of study treatment to the time of death from any cause on study. The respective confidence intervals will be computed as well.
Duration of Response (DOR)	Up to 24 weeks	The duration of overall response is measured from the time measurement criteria are met for CR or PR (whichever is first recorded) until the first date that recurrent or progressive disease is objectively documented (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded since the treatment started). The duration of overall CR is measured from the time measurement criteria are first met for CR until the first date that recurrent disease is objectively documented. Duration of stable disease is measured from the start of the treatment until the criteria for progression are met, taking as reference the smallest measurements recorded since the treatment started. Will use median DOR (computed by the Kaplan-Meier estimator) to summarize. The respective confidence intervals will be computed as well.
Percentage of Participants With Tumor Responses	Up to 24 months	Tumor responses will be classified using the Immune Related Response-Criteria (irRC)) through study completion.