Association between foot indices and balance in diabetic peripheral neuropathy

This research explores the association between foot structure and balance in individuals with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN), a common and serious complication of type 2 diabetes. DPN results from prolonged hyperglycaemia, leading to nerve damage, sensory deficits, muscle weakness, and compromised postural control. These effects increase the risk of falls, ulcers and amputations significantly impacting the quality of life.

The study is driven by the hypothesis that changes in foot morphology, measured by foot indices such as the Staheli Index, Chippaux-Smirak Indexand Clarke’s angle, Harris imprint Index, Arch Index may be linked to balance impairments in DPN patients. It also investigates whether balance deficits are primarily due to neuropathy or if altered foot structure plays an independent role. Using validated tools like Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and Single Leg Stance (SLS) test, balance performance is assessed alongside foot arch evaluation and sensory testing with monofilaments.

The study adopts a cross-sectional design involving 54 participants aged greater than or equal to 50 years, equally divided into DPN AND non - DPN groups, recruited from hospitals and clinics in Dakshina Kannada. Inclusion and Exclusion criteria ensure accurate diagnosis and control of confounding conditions.Data is collected on demographics, diabetic history, foot structure, sensory response and balance.

Statistical analysis involves correlating foot indices with balance measure to determine significant relationships. The study aims to identify early predictors of balance dysfunction to inform preventive and personalised physiotherapy interventions.

By addressing a gap in existing literature, this research highlights the importance of early detection of biomechanics foot changes and their impact on functional stability in diabetic populations. Ultimately, the findings aim to contribute to fall prevention strategies, reduce healthcare costs, and improve patient outcomes through targeted rehabilitation focused on both sensory and structural foot health.