Clinical presentation and management of gall bladder cancer : An Observational Study

Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is a common malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract and is the most common malignancy of  biliary tract cancer in India. having an age standardized incidence rate of 1.8 per 100,000 population.

The patients can be incidental diagnosis after simple cholecystectomy (SC) or can present with a  gall bladder mass. Incidental diagnosis of  GBC can be determined during or after Simple cholecystectomy for benign disease. Incidental diagnosis of GBC is reported in 0.2–2.9% of patients who are undergoing Simple cholecystectomy.

 Maxmillan de Stol in 1777,first described gall bladder carcinoma,Studies have revealed a trend of GBC illness late diagnosis and inadequate therapy.

Gall bladder cancer often features vascular invasion, distant metastases, and substantial regional lymph node metastasis.

 

5- year survival rate of 17.6% was observed in (2007 to 2013).

Incidence varies widely within the country of GBC but Majority of cases are reported widely from the northern belt (The Ganges belt) and mainly from the country’s centre regions, although from the sought is hardly ever reported.

 Dianosis when made , patients with GBC are typically asymptomatic or report symptoms including stomach discomfort, nausea or vomiting, indigestion, weakness, anorexia, loss of appetite, weight loss, and sometimes jaundice, which might be misdiagnosed as cholecystitis due to its ambiguous description. As the disease’s stage progresses Cancerous biliary obstruction causes jaundice, cola-colored urine, clay-coloured faeces, and itchy skin  has a bad prognosis since it is unresectable when it is presented.

Overall Resection is the most effective modality to treat gall bladder cancer. Early-detected GBC with early stage of disease are curable and with a better median survival.

 Since treatment for gallstones is much less expensive, less complex, and risky than treatment for GBC, it is clinically important to confirm causality for the association of gallstones with GBC. This could guide intervention strategies in nations with high risk of GBC.

Patients typically present late, by the time GBC is either metastatic or incurable with a terrible prognosis. More effective treatment options include open surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and targeted molecular  therapy for patients with advanced GBC who come with a suspect clinical presentation.

 This study will examine the various clinical manifestations of gallbladder cancer and determine the treatment advised to them.