Comparison of Hemodynamic Stability and Intubation Timings and Cormack-Lehane Grading in Ramp Position Versus Sniffing Position

This randomized controlled trial will be conducted at the Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma after obtaining approval from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP) and the Ethical Review Committee. The study will also be registered on ClinicalTrials.gov prior to participant enrollment.

Participants will be allocated into two groups using computer-generated randomization. Group A will undergo tracheal intubation in the sniffing position using a fixed pillow height of 4 cm, while Group B will be positioned in the ramp position using a customized pillow height (4-8 cm) adjusted to achieve alignment of the external auditory meatus with the sternal notch. Allocation will be performed by the primary investigator prior to surgery.

All patients will receive a standardized anesthesia protocol with continuous ASA monitoring. Induction of anesthesia will be achieved using propofol (2 mg/kg) and nalbuphine (0.15 mg/kg), followed by atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) after confirmation of adequate mask ventilation. Controlled positive pressure ventilation will be maintained for three minutes before direct laryngoscopy using a Macintosh laryngoscope.

Laryngoscopy will be performed by the primary investigator, while a second anesthetist, blinded to the study objectives where feasible, will record procedural timings and hemodynamic parameters. Any adjuncts or optimization maneuvers used during intubation will be documented. Hemodynamic variables will be monitored at predefined intervals following intubation.

The study will be conducted as an open-label trial. All patient data will be handled confidentially, and anonymization will be ensured during data collection, analysis, and reporting.