Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Intramuscular Injection Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 60
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Pain Intensity (VAS Score)
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of therapeutic touch on pain intensity associated with intramuscular injection and to examine the relationship between fear of pain and injection-related pain. Participants are assigned to either a therapeutic touch group or a control group. Pain intensity is assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and fear of pain is assessed using the Fear of Pain Questionnaire.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 60 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Being between 18 and 60 years of age,
- •Being literate,
- •Being able to complete the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ) without missing items,
- •Having no known allergy or contraindication to pheniramine hydrogen maleate,
- •Not having lower respiratory tract disease/asthma and not being in pregnancy or lactation period,
- •Having normal consciousness (adequate orientation and ability to follow commands),
- •Not having a severe mood disorder.
排除标准
- •Incomplete completion of the questionnaire/scale during the study,
- •Having medical conditions that may affect pain perception, such as peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, or diabetes.
研究组 & 干预措施
Experimental: Therapeutic Touch
In the intervention group, a supportive touch intervention was applied during the intramuscular injection to provide emotional support to the patient. Immediately before the injection, the researcher demonstrated the procedure to the patient's companion with a brief example and provided guidance on how the hand should be held. During the injection, the companion held the patient's hand with both hands, offering a calm, silent, and supportive presence. Throughout this process, the nurse was responsible only for administering the intramuscular injection and ensuring clinical safety; the nurse did not participate in the intervention. After the injection was completed, the patient's pain level was assessed using the VAS scale based on self-report.
干预措施: Supportive Hand-Holding (Behavioral)
Control Group
Participants in this group received no additional intervention; the intramuscular injection was administered in accordance with routine clinical practice. After the injection was completed, the patient's pain level was assessed using the same VAS scale based on self-report, as in the intervention group.
结局指标
主要结局
Pain Intensity (VAS Score)
时间窗: Immediately after the intramuscular injection (within 2 minutes).
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Gülistan YURDAGÜL
Assistant Professor, PhD
Osmaniye Korkut Ata University