Prevention of Farmers' Exposure to Pesticides With Relevant Personal Protective Equipment in Chitwan District of Nepal
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 45
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Plasma Cholinesterase
研究概览
简要总结
According to the World Health Organization pesticide poisoning is a major health problem due to the millions of cases annually occurring worldwide. Farmers have a particularly high risk of pesticide poisoning because of their work involving pesticide use to protect crops. The majority of pesticide poisonings occur in developing countries. On a short term it is not realistic to reduce farmers' use of pesticides significantly because it would require that secure and cost-effective alternatives are introduced. This is a lengthy process, which should undoubtedly be supported. However, it becomes as important to make sure that farmers can protect themselves from pesticide exposure meanwhile. Use of personal protective equipment can minimize pesticide exposure on farmers' bodies and consequently reduce their risk of pesticide poisoning. However, the sparse research identified through a systematic literature review shows that we are not in a position to give recommendations on what personal protective equipment farmers should protect themselves with against pesticide exposure suitable to their specific conditions. The purpose of the present study is to examine factors that influence farmers' use of personal protective equipment during their work with organophosphates and, based on this examine the ability of locally adapted personal protective equipment to reduce their organophosphate exposure. The hypothesis is that farmers working in locally adapted personal protective equipment have less acute organophosphate poisoning symptoms, a higher plasma cholinesterase level and find it to be a more feasible solution than farmers working in their daily practice wearing. Examining how locally adapted personal protective equipment (onwards referred to as the LAPPE solution) performs in practice implies testing it in an intervention study. A randomized crossover experiment design is chosen partly because fewer farmers have to be recruited since each farmer will act as his own control and partly because the between farmer variation is strongly reduced. The performance of the LAPPE solution will be tested in one experiment and compared to the performance of the same farmers' daily practice wearing (onwards referred to as the DP solution) in another experiment. The LAPPE solution is expected to have a superior performance. The participation sequence (LAPPE/DP or DP/LAPPE) will be randomized. The study will be conducted among farmers in Chitwan, Nepal.
详细描述
LITERATURE SEARCH STRATEGY:
Based on recommendations from information specialists in the field of health, agriculture and technology the following databases were chosen to search for scientific literature about the present study's purpose: Pubmed, Embase, SveMed, CAB abstracts (Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International), Agris, DADS (Denmark's Technical University's Digital Library), Scopus and Ebsco. The key search terms for the literature search were: personal protective equipment, farmers, pesticides, developing countries and tropical climate. Synonyms for each of these search terms were identified by means of Gyldendals Dictionary and previous international literature. In Pubmed, SveMed, Embase, CAB abstracts and Agris the synonyms were applied to find subject headings which the main search was based on. However, in DADS, Scopus, Ebsco searches on subject headings was not an option and therefore the main search was based on the synonyms.
- Pubmed: 3349 hits, subject headings for key terms personal protective equipment and pesticides with no limitations.
- Embase: 399 hits, subject headings for key terms personal protective equipment and pesticides with the limitation human.
- SveMed: 24 hits, subject headings for key terms personal protective equipment and pesticides.
- CAB abstracts: 607 hits, subject headings for key terms personal protective equipment and pesticides.
- Agris: 681 hits, subject headings for key terms personal protective equipment and pesticides.
- DADS 8650 hits, subject headings for key terms personal protective equipment and pesticides.
- Scopus: 1988 hits, synonyms for key terms personal protective equipment and pesticides and developing countries and tropical climate with the limitation to human.
- EBSCO: 722 hits, synonyms for key terms personal protective equipment and pesticides.
Firstly, the relevance of titles was evaluated, secondly the relevance of abstracts from hits with relevant titles was evaluated and thirdly the relevance of full texts from hits with relevant abstracts was evaluated. A search was made based on the function 'related studies' for each relevant study in each database. The reference list of each relevant study was viewed and searched in Web of Science for citations. Finally each accessible relevant study was read carefully (5 hits). Exclusion criteria were studies on closed farming, mechanized farming, non-tropical conditions, and farming in industrialized countries or laboratory performance testing of personal protective equipment seeing that these criteria would not represent typical farming conditions in developing countries. Grey literature was searched in databases of the International Labor Organization, World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization.
STUDY AREA:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- 未提供
排除标准
- 未提供
结局指标
主要结局
Plasma Cholinesterase
时间窗: Farmers will be followed over 15 days (cholinesterase measured four times)
Plasma cholinesterase is a substance necessary for the proper functioning of the human nervous system. The inhibition of this type of cholinesterase is considered as a useful indicator of exposure to organophosphates when measured before and after likely exposure. Plasma cholinesterase will be measured with a Test-mate Cholinesterase System (Model 400) requiring 10 microliters (µL) for a blood test.
次要结局
- Acute Organophosphate Poisoning Symptoms(Farmers will be followed for 15 days (symptoms measured four times))
研究者
Anshu Varma, MPH
Cand.scient.san.publ
Bispebjerg Hospital