Rehabilitative Approaches: Myofunctional Therapy and Retropalatal Narrowing and Snoring
- Conditions
- Pharyngeal CollapseSnoring
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Myofunctional therapy exercise
- Registration Number
- NCT06186687
- Lead Sponsor
- Universitas Padjadjaran
- Brief Summary
Sleep is an important activity and snoring is the most often reported complaint. Snoring is also very common in the general population. Moreover, snoring can negatively impact bed companions' quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, strain of relationships, social embarrassment and disturb mental health that in the end will reduce quality of life. Anatomical risk factors are believed to be one of major contributors to upper airway constriction during sleep. Treatment for this condition include lifestyle modifications (such as quitting alcohol or losing weight), positional therapy, mandibular advancement devices, upper airway surgery, and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Myofunctional therapy (MT) as an adjunctive or alternative therapy can lower Apnea-Hypopnea Index in obstructive sleep apnea patients with pharyngeal dilator muscle collapse. Although these may be beneficial, the impact of MT on retropalatal narrowing as one of the snoring causes needs to be better established. This study was done to find out the impact of MT in people with snoring who have a collapsed pharynx that is located by a Flexible nasolaryngoscopy.
- Detailed Description
Sleep is an important activity; it makes up one-third of a person's life, and in sleep medicine clinics, snoring is the most often reported complaint. Snoring is also very common in the general population. Studies indicate that women have a higher incidence of this condition above 65 years, increasing after menopause, while men experience it between 45 and 64 years of age. While snoring may be a predictor of the more serious condition of obstructive sleep apnea, primary snoring is common. Moreover, snoring can negatively impact bed companions' quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, strain of relationships, social embarrassment and disturb mental health that in the end will reduce quality of life. Anatomical risk factors are believed to be one of major contributors to upper airway constriction during sleep. Pharyngeal narrowing can be facilitated by anatomic characteristics such as a large neck circumference, soft tissue, bone, or arteries. Flexible nasolaryngoscopy (FN) is an alternative diagnosis to direct viewing of the airway, from the nasal cavity to the larynx area. Aside from being easier to perform and more affordable, a complete examination of the airway can identify the location of the pharyngeal narrowing that causes obstruction more specifically. Treatment for this condition include lifestyle modifications (such as quitting alcohol or losing weight), positional therapy, mandibular advancement devices, upper airway surgery, and nasal continuous positive airway pressure are among the treatments for treating snoring. Myofunctional therapy (MT) as an adjunctive or alternative therapy can lower Apnea-Hypopnea Index in obstructive sleep apnea patients with pharyngeal dilator muscle collapse. The exercises are non-invasive, cost-effective, and have physiological characteristics. Improvement in upper airway obstruction is supported by improvements in upper airway muscle tone. Although these may be beneficial, the impact of MT on retropalatal narrowing as one of the snoring causes needs to be better established. This study was done to find out the impact of MT in people with snoring who have a collapsed pharynx that is located by a FN.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Male
- Target Recruitment
- 17
- high risk of OSA (STOP-Bang questionnaire ≥ 3 and Berlin Questionnaire score positive in ≥ 2 category)
- Already diagnosed by an Ear, Nose and Throat specialist as having risk of obstructive sleep apnea based on the questionnaire and FN study that showed pharyngeal muscle collapse in the pharyngeal area (velopharyngeal area/retropalatal)
- history of lung disease,
- craniofacial anatomy abnormalities,
- consuming drugs with sedative effects, alcohol, anti-depressants, or anti-anxiety groups in the last 3 months before
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- SINGLE_GROUP
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Myofunctional Therapy Exercise Myofunctional therapy exercise Seventeen patients whom already diagnosed by an Ear, Nose and Throat specialist as having risk of obstructive sleep apnea based on the questionnaire and FN study that showed pharyngeal muscle collapse in the pharyngeal area (velopharyngeal area/retropalatal), performed MT two times per day for 20 minutes every day for six weeks. Exercises were performed at home with monitoring by the exercise log book, submitting a clear video of each exercise, and being evaluated once a week by the doctor. Patient compliance was classified as good if the patient performed \>75% of the exercises weekly. This study evaluated the velopharynx/retropalatal area (with FN), symptoms of daytime sleepiness with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire, and snoring intensity and frequency taken from the Berlin questionnaire that were filled out before and after undergoing training for 6 weeks.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Snoring intensity and frequency 6 weeks Snoring intensity and frequency evaluation were taken from the Berlin questionnaire before and after 6 weeks of myofunctional therapy exercise.
Widening of retropalatal area 6 weeks The retropalatal area was evaluated with flexible nasolaryngoscopy before and after 6 weeks of myofunctional therapy exercise.
Symptoms of daytime sleepiness 6 weeks Symptoms of daytime sleepiness was evaluated with Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score before and after 6 weeks of myofunctional therapy exercise. The minimum values of the socre is 0 and the maximum value is 24. The higher the ESS score, the higher their 'daytime sleepiness', which gives a worse outcome.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Hasan Sadikin General Hospital
🇮🇩Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia