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Treatment of Early Borderline Lesions in Low Immunological Risk Kidney Transplant Patients (TRAINING)

Phase 4
Recruiting
Conditions
Kidney Transplant Failure and Rejection
Interventions
Drug: Normal Treatment
Registration Number
NCT04936282
Lead Sponsor
Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria
Brief Summary

Background: Subclinical inflammation, including borderline lesions (BL), is very common (30-40%) after kidney transplantation (KT), even in low immunological risk patients, and can lead to interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) and worsening of renal function with graft loss. Few controlled studies have analyzed the therapeutic benefit of these BL on renal function and graft histology. Furthermore, these studies have only used bolus steroids, which may be insufficient to slow the progression of these lesions. Klotho, a transmembrane protein produced mainly in the kidney with antifibrotic properties, plays a crucial role in the senescence-inflammation binomial of kidney tissue. Systemic and local inflammation decrease renal tissue expression and soluble levels of α-klotho. It is therefore important to determine whether treatment of BL prevents a decrease in α klotho levels, progression of IFTA, and loss of kidney function.

Methods: The TRAINING study will randomize 80 patients with low immunological risk who will receive their first KT. The aim of the study is to determine whether the treatment of early BL (3rd month post-KT) with polyclonal rabbit antithymocyte globulin (Grafalon®) (6 mg/kg/day) prevents or decreases the progression of IFTA and the worsening of graft function compared to conventional therapy after two years post-TX, as well as to analyze whether treatment of BL with Grafalon® can modify the expression and levels of klotho, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines that regulate its expression.

Detailed Description

Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
80
Inclusion Criteria
  • Patients of either sex, older than 18 years, with no immunological risk (PRA<20% and absence of DSA), who receive their first deceased donor or living donor KT.
  • Presence of BL, excluding isolated inflammation (t0, i>0) and isolated tubulitis (t>0, i0).
  • Patients receiving tacrolimus in combination with mycophenolic acid (MPA) and steroids.
  • Absence of clinical or subclinical and histological immunological dysfunction before randomization.
  • Absence of de novo DSA anti-HLA antibodies at the time of randomization.
  • Provision of written informed consent.
  • Acceptance of efficient contraception in women.
Exclusion Criteria
  • Recipients of a multi-organ transplant.
  • Re-transplants.
  • Patients without inflammation in the third month protocol biopsy (i0,t0), or with isolated inflammation without tubulitis (t0,i>0) or isolated tubulitis without inflammation (t>0,i0).
  • Presence of DSA antibodies before transplantation or at randomization.
  • Cold ischemia time >30 hours.
  • Serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl or proteinuria >1 g/day at randomization.
  • Presence of significant thrombopenia (<100,000/mm3) or leukopenia (<3000 mm/3) at randomization.
  • Previous episode of clinical or subclinical rejection (≥IA) before randomization.
  • CMV disease in the first three months after transplantation.
  • BK-polyomavirus nephropathy at randomization.
  • Recurrent or de novo glomerulonephritis.
  • Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs other than those in this clinical trial.
  • Patients who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or with severe systemic infection, who, in the opinion of the investigator, require continued therapy.
  • Previous (within the last 5 years) or present malignancy, except excised basal or squamous cell carcinoma.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Normal treatmentNormal TreatmentNormal treatment (Steroids, tacrolimus and mycophenolate) arm
ExperimentalGrafalonNormal treatment (Steroids, tacrolimus and mycophenolate) for first 90 days, then add Grafalon single-dose if borderline lesions are present in protocol biopsy (performed at third month post-transplantation).
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Presence of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA)24 months

Measurement at 24 months according to the Banff classification. The Banff Classification of Allograft Pathology is an international consensus classification for the reporting of biopsies from solid organ transplant.

Renal function measured with CKD-EPI24 months

Renal function after kidney transplant in both groups at 24 months measured according to glomerular filtration rate determined by CKD-EPI formula

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Graft Survival24 months

Graft survival after kidney transplant in both groups

Patient Survival24 months

Patient survival after kidney transplant in both groups

Assess the Adherence to Immunosuppressive Therapy in the Two Treatment Groups24 months

The Basle scale was used to assess adherence to immunosuppressive therapy.

Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus24 months

Incidence of diabetes mellitus after kidney transplant in both groups at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months

Blood Pressure mmHg24 months

Blood pressure after kidney transplant in both groups at 24 months

Number of Participants With Acute Rejection Lesions24 months

Patients with acute rejection lesions (including subclinical rejection) at 24 months according to Banff classification

Lipid Profile cholesterol, triglycerides24 months

Lipid profile after kidney transplant in both groups at 24 months

Klotho levels pg/ml24 months

Klotho levels after kidney transplant in both groups at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months

Trial Locations

Locations (4)

Hospital Universitari Valld´Hebron

🇪🇸

Barcelona, Spain

Fundación Puigvert

🇪🇸

Barcelona, Spain

Veronica Lopez Jimenez

🇪🇸

Malaga, Spain

Hospital Universitario de Canarias

🇪🇸

Tenerife, None Selected, Spain

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