Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects of the Interspecies Transmission of Foamy Viruses From Monkeys to Humans: A Model of the Early Stages of Viral Emergence.
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 1,600
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Infection with simian foamy virus by determination of the presence of specific antibodies in plasma
研究概览
简要总结
About three quarters of the viral agents that have emerged recently in humans are considered to originate from other animals. These viruses have often evolved and spread into the human population through various mechanisms after the initial contact that resulted in interspecies transmission. However, knowledge of the initial stages of the emergence of viruses and associated diseases is still limited in many cases. Microbiological monitoring in populations at risk of transmission would provide insights into the initiation and early stages of the emergence process.
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) share many genetic, physiological, and microbiological features with humans, and are potential sources of many infectious agents. This has been demonstrated for several simian retroviruses. HIV-1 and 2 are believed to have originated from chimpanzee and mangabey viruses, respectively, found in Central and West Africa. The current distribution of the various molecular subtypes of the HTLV-1 oncogenic retrovirus in Africa is mainly the result of numerous instances of interspecies transmission of STLV-1from NHP species in the distant past.
Foamy viruses belong to the Retrovidae family and the Spumavirus genus. They are complex exogenous retroviruses and are very common in many animal species, including primates, cats, cattle, and horses, in which they cause persistent infections.
The first aim of the work is to study the epidemiological and molecular aspects of the transmission of foamy viruses from monkeys to humans in populations at risk, such as the inhabitants (especially hunters) in the villages of the dense forests of southern Cameroon. It is an area in which NHPs are still very common, with a great diversity of species. The investigators have already shown that the prevalence of foamy viruses is very high in these monkeys and great apes (gorillas and chimpanzees). Contact between these monkeys and the villagers is very frequent, mainly during hunting. The second aim of the project is to study the clinical and biological features of infected people and investigate intrafamilial transmission from infected index cases.
详细描述
BACKGROUND A large proportion, about 75%, of the viral agents that have emerged recently in humans have originated from other animals. Following the initial contact resulting in interspecies transmission, these viruses have often evolved and spread through the human population; various mechanisms are involved, but the understanding of the initial stages of the emergence of viruses and associated diseases is still limited in many cases.
Microbiological monitoring in populations at risk of transmission is required to identify and document the initiation and early stages of the emergence process.
Nonhuman primates (NPHs), which share many genetic, physiological, and microbiological similarities with humans, are a potential source of many infectious agents.
This has been clearly demonstrated for several simian retroviruses: HIV-1 and 2 are believed to have originated from chimpanzee and mangabey viruses, respectively, in Central and West Africa. The distribution of the various molecular subtypes of the oncogenic retrovirus HTLV-1 in Africa is mainly the result of the pattern of interspecies transmission of STLV-1 from various NHP species in the distant past.
Foamy viruses belong to the retrovidae family and the spumavirus genus. They are complex exogenous retroviruses and are very common in many animal species, including primates, cats, cattle, and horses, in which they cause persistent infections.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 5 Years 至 90 Years（Child, Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Living in a rural zone of Cameroon
- •Being > 5 yrs old
- •Having received study information and having provided written consent for self and children, if applicable (for all phases)
排除标准
- •Having refused to provide consent
- •Being less than 5 years old
结局指标
主要结局
Infection with simian foamy virus by determination of the presence of specific antibodies in plasma
时间窗: 3 years
Determination of the presence of specific antibodies in plasma through a positive western blot for foamy virus
Infection with simian foamy virus by determination of the presence viral DNA in blood cells
时间窗: 3 years
Determination of the presence viral DNA in blood cells through a positive PCR assay using generic amplimers, giving rise to fragments of the integrase gene (425 bp) and LTR (109 bp).
次要结局
未报告次要终点