Peace-Building Interventions for Israeli and Palestinian Youth: Effects on Biological and Behavioral Markers of Empathy, Prejudice, and Dialogue
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 101
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Behavioral Assessment of Dialogue
研究概览
简要总结
The investigators expect an intervention that focuses on actual dialogue and familiarity with members of the other culture, discussion of empathy, generosity, and kindness, and focus on adaptive and reciprocal modes of conflict resolution will alter both physiological, behavioral, and mental response to the pain of the other, increase empathy, and reduce hostility.
详细描述
We hypothesized that the intervention will impact perspective taking (PT) on the national conflict, reducing the tendency to view justice only on one's side. Such increase in PT would initiate a chain leading to greater behavioral empathy.
Second, we hypothesize that change in oxytocin (OT) levels and empathic behavior (less withdrawal and tension and more synchrony) would be impacted by the intervention and the degree to which it altered youth PT on the conflict.
Finally, we suggest a 3-path model charting the multi-dimensional pathways leading to behavioral empathy toward outgroup member. First, individual differences in OT functionality will shape empathy so that youth with higher OT levels at pre-intervention and greater PT will show more empathic dialogue at post-intervention. Second, dispositional cognitive empathy, as tested by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index questioner (IRI), at pre-intervention will predict higher behavioral empathy at T2, both directly and as mediated by reduction in ethnocentric attitudes following the intervention. Finally, we hypothesize that the intervention will influence empathy by initiating a chain that begins with increasing PT, which, in turn, will lead to reduction in tension during interaction with outgroup, and culminating in greater empathy during face-to-face encounters
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 15 Years 至 18 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •jewish israeli
- •arab israeli
- •lives in the center of israel
- •both parents agree to participation
排除标准
- •no mental disorder
- •no neurological-developmental disorder
结局指标
主要结局
Behavioral Assessment of Dialogue
时间窗: trail 1-baseline
Interactions were coded with the "Coding Interactive Behavior" (CIB) manual (Feldman, 1998), adolescent version. This version of the CIB is composed of 32 codes rated on a scale of 1 to 5, as higher score mean a better outcome. The Two following constructs were used: A personal measure of "Behavioral Empathy" - an average of the following CIB codes: expressing empathy, acknowledging other's communication, elaborating other's topics and ideas, maintaining positive affect, maintaining visual, and give-and-receive reciprocity and Dyadic Tension - averaged codes; displaying a tense, anxious, and uneasy behavior, fear, and constriction of communicative output and social behavior.
Hormonal Assays- Oxytocin
时间窗: trail 1- baseline
Three saliva samples were collected using Salivettes® at baseline, following interaction, and ten minutes after end and averaged. All samples were then stored at -20°C. Salivette were treated as following: centrifuged twice, at 4°C at 1500 x g for 30 minutes, aliquoted and lyophilized over few days- to concentrate by 4 times. The dry samples were reconstructed in the assay buffer immediately before analysis using an oxytocin enzyme immunoassay commercial kit (ENZO, NY). The assay preformed according the kit's instruction. The concentration of oxytocin was calculated using MatLab-7
PT (Perspective-taking)
时间窗: trail 1-baseline
Participants were interviewed individually on their attitudes towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Perspective-taking (PT), addressed the degree to which adolescents thought justice was solely on their side and the other side is totally wrong, aggressive, and vicious compared to the ability to see some justice on both sides. Participants received binary score for PT, as 1 is some ability to see justice on the other side, and 0 is seeing justice only in own side.
次要结局
- Hormonal Assays-Oxytocin(trail 2- 3 months after trail1)
- Changes in Tension as a Function of Perspective-taking and Group(trail 2- 3 months after trail1)
- Changes in Empathy as a Function of Perspective Taking(trail 2- 3 months after trail 1)
- Behavioral Assessment of Dialogue(trail 2- 3 months after trail 1)
- Changes in PT (Perspective-taking) After Intervention(trail 2- 3 months after trail 1)
研究者
Moran Influs
research manager
Bar-Ilan University, Israel