Effects of Aerobic Combined With Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise on Pulmonary Function, Smoking Cessation, and Urine Cotinine Among Smokers
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Smoker Lung
- Sponsor
- Chulalongkorn University
- Enrollment
- 24
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Smoking cessation
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 2 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pulmonary function and smoking cessation among smokers.
Detailed Description
Twenty-four smokers aged between 20 and 45 years were allocated into 3 groups: a sedentary control group (CON, n = 8), an aerobic exercise group (EX, n = 8), and an aerobic combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercise group (EXDB, n = 8). The general physiological characteristics, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength values before and after 8 weeks were meas-ured. The Quit Smoking Questionnaire and urine cotinine were measured for either 30 days after the training.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Eligible individuals included those who set the quit date within 7 days from the date of calling the TNQ. The participants have smoked more than or equal to 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year and had a body mass index of not more than 24.9 kg/m
- •More-over, they were screened for the health risks of exercise by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). They must not have exercised for 30 minutes or more at least three times a week for the past six months.
Exclusion Criteria
- •This study excluded participants with a history of respiratory system diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, etc. and who were using nicotine replacement therapy.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Smoking cessation
Time Frame: Change from Baseline Smoking cessation at 8 weeks, and 12 weeks
The Quit Smoking Questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the smoking status of each participant by posing the following question: "Did you refrain from smoking continuously for a minimum of 7 days after your designated quit date?" If the response was affirmative, the participants were further inquired about their continuous abstinence for either 30 days after the training. Four items within the questionnaire yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93
Urine cotinine
Time Frame: Change from Baseline Urine cotinine at 8 weeks, and 12 weeks
The Direct Barbituric Acid (DBA) reaction method was utilized to measure urine cotinine. The results were interpreted based on the color change observed in the urine sample. Each morning, a urine sample of 30-50 ml was collected and added to the urinary cotinine measurement kit by participants. The color of the sample was then com-pared to the standard color band for urinary cotinine, and pictures were taken to be sent to the researchers. Assessment was conducted at 30 days after training, and the results were categorized as either "found" or "not found" based on the color change observed in the test tabs
Pulmonary function
Time Frame: Change from Baseline pulmonary function at 8 weeks.
The anticipated value and liters of FVC, FEV1, and MVV maneuver were measured using a computerized spirometer (SpirobankG) in accordance with the pulmonary function test criteria of the American Thoracic Society. Participants were asked to sit on a chair with a nasal clip on. Before demonstrating forced inspiration and expiration and returning to normal breathing, three cycles of slow normal breathing were performed. Participants were instructed to inhale and exhale quickly and strongly for 15 seconds during the MVV maneuver.
Secondary Outcomes
- Respiratory muscle strength(Change from Baseline Respiratory muscle strength at 8 weeks.)