Impact of n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on the Metabolic Abnormalities in Children With NAFLD

The aims of the investigators studies are to determine the plasma FA composition and to assess changes in the latter in response to n-3 supplementation in French-Canadian youth since (i) none of the available pharmacological agents could be recommended for treatment of children with NAFLD; (ii) n-3 PUFA are quite safe diet supplements that showed efficacy in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome; (iii) loss of n-3 PUFA dietary intake was found in pediatric NAFLD and (iii) no attention has been given to French-Canadian population, which is primarily and historically located in the province of Quebec, has the highest prevalence worldwide of lipoprotein lipase deficiency, includes a large pool of individuals at risk for atherosclerosis and other lipid-related diseases, and exhibits a founder effect among the 8,000 ancestors of present-day French-Canadians, who have had relatively little cross-breeding with individuals from other national origin groups.

Subjects The present randomized clinical trial was performed on 30 NAFLD children followed as outpatients at the Gastroenterology/Hepatology and Nutrition clinic of MCHU Ste-Justine and the Gastroenterology division of the Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal.

The children have between 8 years and 18 years of age, with obesity and a diagnostic of NAFLD based on the results of a clinical evaluation, liver echography, and magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria The children are eligible for the study if they are boys (according to the literature review on NAFLD prevalence), with a body weight ≥ 95th percentile (based on the CDC Chart), aged <18 years, have a diffusely hyperechogenic liver at ultrasonography (consistent with NAFLD diagnostic), and have normal or high transaminases (> 2N). Moreover, the exclusion criteria is based on subjects having pin or cochlear implants may affect the magnetic resonance imaging examination; subjects who consumed natural medicine products have an increased risk of haemorrhage, and those in whom a surgical procedure was planned, and the child who founded to consume fish, flaxseed oil and foods enriched with n-3 PUFA (eggs, or milk containing n-3 PUFA supplements), probiotics, vitamin E or use of drugs known to induce fatty liver during the study.

Study design The present study is a 6-month, double-blind, one-way, crossover randomized study. The treatment consisting of n-3 PUFA supplement (NutriSanté Inc./Ponroy, Canada), administered in two phases, each of 3-month duration. In the first phase, an NAFLD group will receive an active n-3 PUFA supplement and another will receive equivalent quantities of sunflower oil as a placebo. During the second phase (after the first 3 months), all NAFLD subjects will receive an active n-3 PUFA. The study is approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of MUCH Ste-Justine (Montreal, Quebec. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects before starting experimental procedures, and the study followed the Helsinki guidelines.