The Role Cognitive Non-technical Skills Learning Module in Promoting A Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Critical Analysis on Situation Awareness and Intraoperative Decision Making in the Prevention of Complications

Bile duct injuries from laparoscopic cholecystectomy remain a significant source of morbidity and are often the result of intraoperative errors in perception, judgment, and decision-making. Cognitive non-technical skills namely situation awareness and decision-making skills are essential in doing a safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as in any kind of surgery. Studies regarding cognitive non-technical skills and how to teach them are still lacking, especially in the field of surgery.

With this study, the investigators aim to formulate a comprehensive learning module for a safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy accomodating cognitive non-technical skills based on the surgeon's experience while learning and doing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.