To Compare the Perioperative outcomes of Trans Abdominal Pre-Peritoneal Repair Procedure (TAPP) Versus Lichtenstein Open Repair in Treatment of Primary Unilateral Inguinal Hernia in Male patients: A Randomised Control Trail in a Tertiary care Centre of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Inguinal hernias are among the most common surgical conditions worldwide, with millions of procedures performed annually. The choice of surgical technique significantly impacts patient outcomes making it a critical area of research. Lichtenstein open mesh repair is considered the gold standard for open repair. A laparoscopic repair Trans Abdominal Pre peritoneal Repair offers potential advantages. Existing studies on Trans Abdominal Pre peritoneal repair versus Lichtenstein repair are often limited by heterogenicity  small sample sizes and observational designs. A randomized controlled trial ensures robust unbiased comparison of these techniques providing high quality evidence to guide clinical practice. This study will be conducted at the Department of General Surgery  All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh India. This tertiary care centre is equipped with advanced medical facilities and a high volume of surgical cases providing a suitable environment for conducting a randomized controlled trial. The setting ensures access to a diverse patient population undergoing hernia repair allowing for robust data collection and analysis. This is a prospective single blinded single centred randomized controlled trial designed to compare the outcomes of Trans abdominal pre peritoneal repair procedure versus Lichtenstein open repair. Participants will be patients visiting surgery out patient department taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients will be randomized into one of the two study groups, Group A Trans abdominal pre peritoneal repair and Group B Lichtenstein open repair alternatively in order of arrival in outpatient department. All the cases of both group A and group B will be operated by surgeons with equivalent experience of minimum 5 years. Patient will be followed for 180 days. In this duration patient will be assessed on day of discharge on the day when patient revisit for suture removal, 90 days, 180 days after surgery. In addition patient will be assessed in between if any complications arise. The key outcomes that will be assessed include operative time duration of hospital stay time to return to normal activities or work  incidence of seroma hematoma surgical site infections during hospital stay incidence and severity of chronic pain at 3 months and 6 months post operatively and surgical site infections at 6 months post operatively in patients undergoing Trans abdominal pre peritoneal repair versus Lichtenstein open repair. Then assessment of outcomes is done.